International Congress 2018

Introduction: The process of carcinogenesis or tumor progression occurs slowly, which may take years until the formation of a visible tumor or an accumulation of abnormal, undifferentiated progenitor cells. Inflammation is a protective response of the body triggered by noxious stimuli. Studies report that the relationship between cancer and inflammation consists of the presence of inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators in tumor tissues and angiogenesis. The inflammatory state contributes to tumor development through mechanisms such as: induction of genomic instability, stimulation of proliferation and resistance to apoptosis and induction of tumor angiogenesis. Objective: Introduce the most recent on the subject in the academic debate. Methodology: A bibliographical survey was carried out of the main academic journals with articles from the last five years. Results and Discussion: Studies have shown the frequent appearance of tumors in sites of chronic inflammation, besides the presence of inflammatory cells and mediators in tumor tissues, such as chemokines, cytokines and cyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme responsible for the formation of important mediators including prostaglandins. Chemokine receptors are primarily responsible for leukocyte migration during inflammation and carcinogenesis, directly involved in the invasion, motility and survival of tumor cells. In relation to cytokines, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor) stimulates growth. The presence of elevated serum levels of IL-6 in cancer patients was also observed. At the enzyme level, COX-2 overexpression is associated with increased angiogenesis, decreased apoptosis and immunosuppression in a variety of tumors. Conclusion: The cellular mediators of the inflammatory process are important agents in tumor tissues. These inflammatory changes act on cell proliferation and activation of angiogenesis, inhibiting adaptive immune responses.

Background: Crohn Disease (CD) is an inflammatory disease with unknown etiology that affects the gastrointestinal tract resulting in tissue damage having clinical symptoms like fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and anemia leaving the patient imunodepressive causing risks of opportunistic infection. Recurrent infections in the gastrointestinal tract can also serve as a trigger for the onset of the syndrome. The treatment with medications can bring side effects and for this reason the present study evaluates the activity of the extract of Syzygium aromaticum (clove), on the most incident microorganisms proposing to display it as a possible alternative treatment for patients with this disease. Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Syzygium aromaticum against the most common microorganisms involved in CD. Methods: 10 mL of crude extract of clove were obtained by distillation and later tested by antibiogram in clinical strains of Candida albicans, one of the microorganisms of higher incidence in the disease. Results: By adding the disks containing the extract colonies diluted in salina to 0.5 according to McFarland scale (approximately 1.5 x 10 8 CFU / ml) arranged in Sabouraud agar plates incubated at 96,8º F for 24 hours was observed the formation of 10 mm inhibition halos demonstrating the antimicrobial effect of the extract on Candida albicans colonies. Discussion: Several known medicines were obtained from natural sources, including consecrated antibiotics, demonstrating the importance of the study and application of natural products. Conclusion: The extract tested was considered efficient in its antifungal activity and new researches and confirmatory tests are necessary for this and other natural extracts so that they can be applied in the promotion of health causing fewer side effects and at a lower cost.

Introduction: Vitamin C or simply ascorbic acid (AA) is heat labile and water soluble vitamin. Humans and other primates are the only mammals unable to synthesize AA. The recommended dose for maintenance of vitamin C saturation level in the body is about 100mg per day in various situations, such as infections, pregnancy and breastfeeding, and in smokers, even higher doses are required, it is in the wild under two forms: reduced or oxidized. Objective: To present the factors that negatively influence human health by inappropriate and frequent use of the vitamin population. Methodology: This is a literature review study being evaluated scientific articles published in the years 2005-2015 in journals indexed in the following SCIELO databases, Pub Med, Medlinee Science Direct. Results and Discussion: Food or vitamin C supplements in excess can have some negative effects on the body. The excess of AA in the body can cause a sick person. The individual may also have vomiting and diarrhea, followed by stomach pains and moderate or severe headaches, other side effects include destruction of red blood cell hemolysis. Vitamin increases the tendency of the body to absorb iron more than the required amount. This can increase the risk of blood diseases, such as thalassemia and hemochromatosis, can accumulate in the kidneys inciting the lithiasis process, ascorbic acid can also act on the delay of surgical wounds. Conclusion: We conclude that the AA or vitamin C however much it may be a benefit in some respects can bring risks if used improperly way, as pointed out above, you should always be careful and always use the evaluation of a health professional.

Introduction: Usnic acid, derived benzofuran (2,6-diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3 (2H, 9Bh) -dibenzofuran, C18H16O7) produced by some species of lichen. The high toxicity of this substance involves the generation of free radical that results in the injury to the cellular and mitochondrial membrane, peroxidation of lipids and cellular death. The incorporation of the usnic acid (UA) into microspheres of Poly-ε-caprolactone, a polymeric particulate system, can reduce hepatotoxicity. Objective: To analyze the effect of poly-ε-caprolactone microspheres incorporated with usnic acid on the histomorphometry of the hepatocyte nuclei of Swiss mice submitted to the acute toxicity test. Methodology: The groups treated with vehicle (0.9% NaCl and 5% cremophor), usnic acid (2000, 300 and 50 mg/kg) and microspheres incorporated with usnic acid (UA-Micro) in the dose of 2000 mg/kg were subjected to the acute toxicity test according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD – Guideline, 423). Fragments of hepatic tissue were removed for preparation of histological slides stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The morphometric analysis of the diameters of the hepatocyte nuclei was performed using the IMAGE software, from the photomicrographs (final magnification 790 μm). Statistical analysis of the diameters of hepatocyte nuclei was performed using Variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test. Results and Discussion: Treatment with UA-Micro (2000 mg/kg) showed no histomorphometric changes in the hepatocyte nuclei of the mice submitted to acute toxicity, but the animals treated with UA (2000 and 300 mg/kg) had a statistical difference (**p

Introduction: The nutraceuticals are nutrients present in natural food with functions of drugs, which may provide health benefits, such as prevention and treatment of diseases. However, when we eat the food, only a small concentration of nutraceuticals is still active. In addition, the residence time gastric and the low permeability in the intestine also lead to the degradation of these bioactive compounds, decreasing the bioavailability of nutraceuticals. With this, several strategies were formulated to isolate and protect these bioactive molecules. Outstanding among them the microencapsulation which consists in the isolation and protection of these molecules from the microparticles obtained polymers; bioactive and biodegradable such as Pectin and Chitosan. Objectives: To analyse from recent studies microparticles of Pectin and Chitosan have a potential significant release of nutraceuticals. Methodology: Were searched for articles that examined the microencapsulação of nutraceuticals from Pectin and Chitosan, and the effects on the bioavailability of the same. Results and Discussion: The reviewed studies showed a potential release of nutraceuticals significant using microparticles of Pectin and Chitosan. The studies showed the benefits of nutraceuticals in the human organism. The nutraceuticals are found mainly in the form of peptides bioactive, vitamins and antioxidants, and they are of extreme importance in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and processes associated with aging. In addition, it also showed the feasibility of the use of Pectin and Chitosan as release systems for nutraceuticals. Conclusion: When analyzing the articles, it was possible to conclude that the microparticles have a potential in release significant, with perspective to administration by the oral route, and also with use potential of Pectin and Chitosan as release systems for nutraceuticals and can be used to production of pharmaceuticals and new functional foods.

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world with a high prevalence in women. Researches on modifiable risk factors in breast cancer, including the role of diet, has received considerable attention from researchers around the world. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), polyunsaturated fatty acids belonging to the Omega 3 (ω-3) family, are currently the most studied dietary factors and appear to be closely related to the decreased risk of developing cancer breast. Objective: Analyzing the role of ω-3 in the treatment and reduction of risk of breast cancer. Methodology: A review of the literature was done by searching articles in the SCIELO, PUBMED and ACADEMIC GOOGLE databases. A total of 14 publications were selected from the years 2009 and 2017 because they fit the theme established in the present study. Results and Discussion: The consumption of fish and other foods rich in ω-3 may be related to the decreased risk of breast cancer. Results from a recent review strongly suggest a potential role for EPA and DHA as complementary agents in combination with therapies against breast cancer. It is suggested that the action of ω-3 in reducing the risk and development of breast cancer occurs from the reduction of the inflammation process and the inhibition of carcinogenesis by creating a cytotoxic environment that may be capable of inducing apoptosis and reducing proliferation. Conclusion: Further intervention studies are needed to confirm the role of ω-3 in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. However, a large part of the research suggests that the ingestion of ω-3 can be used as a strategy to prevent breast neoplasm, stimulating consumption in the diet of the general population, with a greater focus on females.

Introduction: The SNAP 4Dx is a rapid test device that uses ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) technology manufactured by the IDEXX Laboratory (Maine, USA) for rapid diagnosis of hemoparasitosis in dogs. SNAP® ELISA technology utilizes unique conjugate and substrate that amplifies the results. The bidirectional flow process evidences the antigen-antibody binding, providing high sensitivity and reliable results. Objective: evaluation of hematological parameters and serological detection of hemoparasitoses in dogs with Snap 4Dx. Methodology: A cross – sectional, descriptive and observational clinical research was carried out between September 2014 and October 2014 at Pet Dream Veterinary Medical Clinic, located in the city of Recife / PE. The hemogram was performed using a manual technique using blood collected with EDTA. The detection of the antigen of Dirofilaria immitis and the antibodies of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia ewingii, was performed with SNAP 4DX Plus device. Results and Discussion: 62 dogs of different races were used, without specifying age or sex, attended at the Clinic. The blood samples were collected by venipuncture cephalic or jugular, according to the size of the animal. The samples were packed in eppendorf microtubes containing EDTA as anticoagulant. The differential count was performed through blood smearing, stained in panopticus, observed with a 100X immersion objective. The rapid test for serological diagnosis showed the following result: Ehrlichia canis (32.25%), Anaplasma platys (6.45%), Dirofilaria immitis (6.45%). Discussion: The results found in the present study suggest that the 4DxPlus Kit was efficient for the diagnosis of hemoparasitoses, which cause diseases in small animals. Conclusion: hematological changes were varied, but thrombocytopenia was the main alteration. The animal with thrombocytopenia may present it silently or start to have symptoms such as: bleeding on the skin; nose bleeds; fever; cough; lethargy; urinary bleeding.

Introduction: Streptomyces comprise the genus of actinobacteria most studied, as they have the ability to synthesize a variety of bioactive metabolites, of these many are antibiotics. Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram-positive coccus belonging to Group A of Lancefield. Among streptococci, it is the most relevant clinical agent in infections of the oral cavity due cases of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis and its sequels: rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. They are also related to other pathologies such as endocarditis, septic arthritis, cellulitis, pyoderma and scarlatina. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Streptomyces spp. J181 against clinical isolates of S. pyogenes. Methodology: Blocks of 10 mm diameter obtained from the cultivation of the actinobacteria seeded on ISP-2 agar were transferred to Petri dishes containing 18 mL of blood agar previously seeded with S. pyogenes, then the plates were incubated at 35 ° C ± 1 ° C for 24 hours. After the incubation period, the inhibition halos were read in millimeters. To assess the susceptibility profile, the antibiogram of the bacterial isolates was carried out according to the recommendations of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute. The tests were performed in triplicate, the results expressed in average plus standard deviation and the coefficient of variation adopted was ≤ 10%. Results and Discussion: The susceptibility profile of S. pyogenes isolates didn’t show resistance to the evaluated antibiotics, resulting in sensitivity to therapy commonly adopted in the medical clinic. The lineage of Streptomyces spp. J181 was demonstrate efficient in the production of metabolites with antimicrobial activity, presenting inhibition halos with an average value of 17.4 mm, a good result, whereas in the assay performed the bioactive metabolites are secreted directly into the culture medium, without any purification process. Conclusion: The lineage Streptomyces spp. J181 presents potential for to production of metabolites with anti-streptococcal activity.

Introduction: Microorganisms of Staphylococcus genus are Gram-positive cocci catalase-positive bacteria of clinical interest due to their pathogenicity in humans and animals. Staphylococcus aureus is part of the normal microbiota and can be responsible for suppurations of wounds, abscesses also it may transmit a toxinfection caused by the intake of toxins elaborated by the infectious agent present in foods. Objectives: Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus in products of economic interest cultivated in Pernambuco. Material and Methods: 25 g of the samples (cassava, carrot, coriander and cabbage) were added in 225 mL of 0.1% peptone saline, serial dilutions until 10-3 were made. The dilutions of 10-2 and 10-3 were seeded in Baird Parker medium and the colonies characteristic of the genus Staphylococcus were identified by the catalase, Gram, coagulase, Carbohydrate (Glucose, Trehalose, Ramnose, Mannose, Maltose, Lactose, Xylose, Sucrose and Inositol) and disc test with Polymyxin and Novobiocin. In addition, the Antibiogram of the isolated colonies was performed using the antibiotics Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole, Oxacillin, Chloramphenicol, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. Results and Discussion: Eight colonies were isolated: cassava (1), coriander (1), carrot (1) and cabbage (5) and submitted to identification tests. Staphylococcus pasteuri, S. saprophyticus, S. warneri (3), S. hominis subsp. hominis and two classified as coagulase negative Staphylococcus. In the antibiogram 50% of the isolates presented resistance to erythromycin, 12.5% to oxacillin and gentamicin. Conclusion: The majority of the isolates can be found in food and only one causes infections in the urinary tract. No positive coagulase Staphylococcus (Staphylococcus aureus) was found and the samples analyzed were within the standards established by RDC No. 12 of 02/01/2002. A negative coagulase lineage isolated from carrot showed resistance to oxacillin and erythromycin in the antibiogram

Introduction:The increase in bacterial resistance has generated the need to increase research for the discovery of new drugs, and medicinal plants are a proven source of bioactive products with great therapeutic potential. Objectives: To analyze the modulating activity of the ethanolic extracts of cumaru, angico, artemisia, terramicina and espinheira in front of strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Modulating activity was determined by the disc diffusion method, analyzing three strains of multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus with the antibiotics erythromycin, vancomycin, clindamycin, oxacillin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, cipropofloxacin and cefoxitin. Each antibiotic disk was soaked with 20μL of the extract. The disks were placed on the surface of the culture medium already seeded with the microorganisms and incubated at 35 ° C for 24 hours. The diameters of inhibition halos (HI) were measured in mm and compared to those determined by HI of the antibiotics alone. The increase in HI diameter ≥ 2 mm, synergistic effect; antagonistic effect when the HI diameter was smaller than that of the isolated antibiotic; and, indifferent effect, when the increase in HI diameter