International Congress 2018

A Introduction: Systemic arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by elevated and sustained blood pressure levels, which when not adequately treated causes temporary and / or permanent complications. Constantly associated with injuries such as cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure and renal and vascular disease of extremities. Objective: Describe nursing care in systemic arterial hypertension, with emphasis on health education for patients and their families. Methodology: An integrative review was performed using articles as criteria between 2013 and 2017, combining the descriptors: nursing care, health education and hypertension, in the electronic databases Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE). We selected 67 articles initially and after reading the titles and summaries of them, only 12 presented a relation with the researched topic. Being 02 from SCIELO, 05 from LILACS and 05 from MEDLINE. Results and Discussion: In the context of systemic arterial hypertension, the nurse should assist the client, assist him in controlling blood pressure levels and in the development of skills and attitudes that provide effective self-care, such as stimulating the modification of unfavorable habits. For this, it is essential that the interaction between professional and client takes place in an effective way, with the purpose of enabling adherence to treatment. As part of this process, in addition to individual monthly consultations it is necessary to have group activities addressing hypertension, guiding control measures and encouraging the continuity of treatment. Conclusion: It is up to the professional, therefore, to consider that the care given by him is not an imposition of knowledge, but rather an exchange of knowledge and trust, valuing the autonomy, the protagonism of the patient and the help of the family in the caring process.

Introduction: the aging of the brazilian population is a growing and inevitable phenomenon. Concomitantly, Brazil has a high number of cases of femur fractures in the elderly due to its propensity for falls and osteoporosis. There were more than 180,000 cases between 2008 and 2012, generating a great economic and social impact, as well as being responsible for a high morbidity and mortality rate in this population. Objective: this study aims to highlight the importance of the multidisciplinary care of immobilized elderly as a result of femur fractures. Methodology: a bibliographic review was performed through the electronic databases Scielo, Uptodate and Pubmed with the following descriptors “idosos E fratura de fêmur E cuidado” and “elderly AND femoral fracture AND care”. Out of the articles found, 7 were selected that were published in Portuguese and English between 2010 and 2017. Results and Discussion: femur fractures have a great impact on the health of the elderly. Most of the procedures for the treatment of these fractures have a surgical approach. However, due to the general state of this population, conservative treatments are sometimes chosen. Many of these patients become bedridden, generating some degree of functional dependency. In addition, an estimated one-third of elderly patients with a femur fracture are estimated to die within a year. Conclusion: considering that the brazilian elderly population is increasing, it should be expected the increase in cases of femur fracture. It is important that health professionals who work with the elderly population are aware of the possible risk factors that lead to this event and the possible complications once the event has occurred, acting together to provide a better quality of life for this population.

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive loss of cognitive ability, with deposits of extraneuronal beta-amyloid peptides and neurofibrillary tangles derived from intracellular TAU proteins in the central nervous system (CNS). This disease, due to the aging population, has been increasing significantly, being, some studies, related to obesity. Objective: To associate the relationship of obesity with the onset of AD. Methodology: Researches carried out in the SciELO, CAPES Periodical Portal, PubMED and BVS databases between 2014 and 2017. The descriptors were “Alzheimer” and “obesity”, being the inclusion criteria of complete articles in humans, addressing neurology, medicine and metabolism. Results and Discussion: We found 16 related articles, of which five included the theme addressed, being read in the whole. AD increases chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular changes. These effects are enhanced by obesity, which is considered a systemic inflammation. Adipose tissue is responsible for the release of inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and adiponectins, which affect different organs and can influence the CNS, impairing brain functions. One of the experiments reported involved the high fat diet, showing the significant increase of phosphorylated TAU proteins and beta-amyloid proteins in the brain, being considered indicative of induction of the disease. As aging and metabolic diseases alter the metabolism of the whole organism, the brain is an affected organ, contributing to the onset of AD. Conclusion: Changes of adipose tissue can influence characteristics of aging, as a cognitive fragility, favoring its progress towards diseases that lead to dementia. In spite of the malignant evidence of some adipose tissues, they are still scarce in the studies related to the subject, being necessary more investments in the area for tests and, possibly, future studies of treatments in this field.

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by signs of dementia and cognitive loss. This disease affects ≈38 million individuals worldwide. In Mediterranean countries, it is believed that because of the influence of dietary factors, the prevalence of this disease is lower. Objective: To investigate the dietary habits of the Mediterranean population related to AD. Methodology: Researches were carried out in the databases SciELO, BVS and CAPES Periodical Portal between 2013 and 2017. The keywords used were “Alzheimer”, “diet” and “Mediterranean”. Results and Discussion: 25 articles were included in English, Spanish and Portuguese, of which five were selected, using as an inclusion criterion the direct relationship with the disease and the Mediterranean diet. In AD there is the formation of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as increased inflammation, oxidative stress and cardiovascular disorders. The studies indicate that the Mediterranean diet decreases the risk factors for the development of AD. Food rich in fish, olive oil, wine, some fruits and vegetables avoids mild cognitive impairment. Dietary adherence decreases levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. The diet has several nutrients, such as omega-3, which contribute to reducing the damage from increased oxidative stress in AD. The omega-3 present in this diet increases eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, decreasing inflammation. Another benefit described involves the reduction of thrombolytic factors, reducing cerebral vascular damage, and consequently neuronal damage. Conclusion: The consumption of foods present in the Mediterranean diet has an anti-inflammatory effect, antioxidative action and cardiovascular protection. Thus, it may contribute to primary prevention as well as to the prevention of AD progression.

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that installs progressively and usually manifests itself in individuals around 60 years of age. Identifying the presence of olfactory dysfunction may enable early treatment and delay the onset of motor symptoms. Objective: To relate the diagnosis of olfaction dysfunction with the delay of the appearance of other symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease. Methodology: Review the BVL and SciELO databases using the descriptors “Parkinson” and “Smell” and applying the inclusion criteria: articles available on human studies in the period between 2012 and 2017. Results and Discussion: The main symptoms associated with PD are motor (tremors, stiffness, postural instability). However, PD is a multifactorial pathology, and there may even be olfactory dysfunction. This situation is worrying because it can reduce the patient’s quality of life. Through the smell it is possible to avoid the ingestion of toxic foods, besides the fact that the olfaction is always associated with the sense of taste, the palate. Olfactory dysfunction does not always occur in PD patients, but, when present, it is one of the initial symptoms, and may occur even a few years before motor manifestations. Therefore, it would be possible to initiate an early treatment to delay the appearance of other symptoms, considering that PD is still incurable. Conclusion: The use of olfaction tests is essential to identify risk groups for PD and is economically viable. Thus, the routine implementation of these tests is of great relevance as a way to delay the onset of motor symptoms of PD and to promote the improvement patients’s quality of life.

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that compromises memory, concentration and reasoning of individuals. Due to the aging population, it is estimated that in the year 2050, 1 in every 85 people will be affected by AD in the world. B vitamins are essential for the proper functioning of the neurological system. Objective: To relate the use of vitamin B6, B9 and B12 with delayed onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Methodology: Review of PubMed, BVS and SciELO databases using the descriptors “Alzheimer’s disease”, “B vitamins” and “Homocysteine”. The inclusion criteria were: articles available in humans between 2012 and 2017. Results and Discussion: 3 articles fit the inclusion criteria proposed. The role of vitamins B6, B9 and B12 is critical to avoid accumulation of the amino acid homocysteine. Pyridoxine acts on the conversion of homocysteine to cysteine, while folic acid and cobalamin act to produce methionine from homocysteine. This amino acid originates from the metabolism of methionine and may have a neurotoxic effect. Its presence at high levels in the organism is related to neurological diseases. The increase of this compound is responsible for the worsening in the cases of patients with AD by raising the rates of β-amyloid, thus provoking hyperphosphorylation of the Tau proteins. Although B vitamins have not been confirmed in all studies to improve secondary prevention of patients, such substances appear to reduce the risk of developing AD. Conclusion: Adequate nutrition is essential throughout life, but during the aging process, the use of foods rich in complex B vitamins such as deep-sea fish, whole grains, legumes and dark green leaves is emphasized in order to avoid or delay this disease.

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (ad) is characterized by being a progressive neurological disorder that involves the accumulation of the protein Amyloid Beta (Aβ) and Tau in neurons, leading to degeneration and death of these. Causing changes in memory, brain and behavior, is a slow and installation syndrome that often goes unnoticed in the early stages. Objectives: Analyze the main gene involved in the and identify a genetic interaction network, correlating to the changes in the functions of this gene. Methodology: We used the ALZGene database to know the main gene involved in the. After identifying the gene APOE, bioinformatics, GeneMANIA, was accessed to establish relations of APOE with other genes involved in the. Results and Discussion: It was found that the APOE gene is more predominant in the mutations, and that genes that exhibit physical interaction with APOE are: APP, LCK, APOC2, VLDLR, LDLR, LRP1, PLTP, APOA2, LIPC, CNTF, APOB, SCARB1. The results showed that one of the isoforms of APOE ε4 is causing increased risk of triggering, stimulating the Aβ deposition, affecting cognitive and functional decline in patients with mild cognitive decline and triggering inflammatory Cascades that cause neurovascular dysfunction allowing the entry of toxic proteins derived from blood in the brain. High education, leisure activities and exercise can reduce the risk of and cognitive decline. The diagnosis is made based on the signs of cognitive impairment being important to the exclusion of other potential causes, such as dementia and cerebal vascular disease. Conclusion: The presence of APOE ε4 does not require the development of the disease, however, the effects of this on the brain network connectivity, memory and cognitive decline are present in the patients and cognitively normal individuals.

Introduction: Due to the increased aging, growing chronic and degenerative diseases. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, which is caused by the degeneration of substantia nigra cells. The main signs of PD are tremor at rest, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, idle and commitment in postural control and balance. Being frequent the use of technology applied to rehabilitation, one of them is virtual reality (VR), which stimulates the movement of the whole body by means of computer-based games, in order to recreate and enhance the sense of reality to the player with interactive games. The RV not immersive, the player interacts with the game, but it has the feeling of being in the real world by using, for example, joystick or common screen uses more interfaces for Nitendo Wii or Microsoft KinectTM, to assist in the rehabilitation of elderly people with PD. Objectives: To conduct a literature review on the effects of RV in the rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: A literature review was performed from items available in Scielo databases, PubMed, Lilacs, Medline in August 2017, selecting articles published from 2012 to 2017. Results and Discussion: Initially found 85 studies with the theme proposal, among them, 77 were excluded according to the exclusion criteria. Selecting articles 8, 4 case studies and literature reviews 4. Results report that RV helps increase the speed and movement time, gait, balance, postural control and reduction of falls. Conclusion: RV helps enhance the physiotherapeutic treatment both in motor control, functionality, balance, and cognitive ability on account of the treatment be playful and need concentration, but still needs more scientific studies with methodological qualities to confirm the results of the RV in rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease.

Introduction: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by selective degeneration and death of upper and lower motoneurons in the cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. The annual incidence described in the literature is 2 per 100,000 people in the world. The literature on the epidemiology of ALS is large, but there is a geographical limitation. Sergipe State has no epidemiological data on ALS. Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out an epidemiological analysis of the visits at the University Hospital of Sergipe (HU) from January 2003 to January 2016. Methodology: The study was performed through a retrospective analysis of 819 patients’ records attended at the Neurology outpatient clinic. Results and Discussion: Thirteen cases of ALS were detected, representing an incidence of 1.5% and a prevalence of 83.3% in the studied episodes. In these cases, 67% of the patients are male and 33% are female. In addition, 83.4% of the patients reside in the interior and 16.6% of them in the capital. The mean age at onset of symptoms was 50.5 years and the mean time to disease progression was 4.6 years. The ALS was present in 83.4% of the cases in the sporadic form and 16.6% in the familial form. It was possible to observe that the disease affects mainly people over 50 years of age, with a higher incidence and prevalence for males and it was possible to notice that the epidemiological rates of the disease are compatible with studies already exposed in the literature. Conclusion: In this way,, epidemiological characterization turn possible to create alternatives for intervention, treatments and proposals in the health area that aim to meet the demands of this population in order to minimize the limitations, thus improving the quality of life of these individuals.

Introduction: Epidemiology deals with any event related to the health or disease of the population. Diseases of the Nervous System are a group of inherited or acquired diseases, including diseases such as Headache, Depression, Parkinson’s Disease, among others. In the State of Sergipe, the University Hospital (UH) is a reference in the Unified Health System (SUS) for medium and high complexity care in the different specialties, among them, Neurology. Objective: Analyze the epidemiological profile of patients treated at the UH Neurology outpatient clinic during the period from January 2003 to January 2017. Methods: This epidemiological study was an analytical, retrospective and cross-sectional design and the sample was constituted by the medical records of patients attended at the outpatient clinic and the percentage of the different neurological diseases was estimated. Results and Discussion: A total of 1,382 medical records were randomly collected, where 279 of these were excluded because they did not have data to enable the survey, and information was collected from 1,103 medical records. It was observed that the most prevalent diseases were headache (38%), chronic degenerative diseases (18.3%), epilepsy (8.0%), traumatic brain injury (2.2%) and other disorders (28.9%). According to the specific diagnosis, headache was the most frequent cause of the visits. Epidemiological data point to the relevance of the problem in view of the impacts that this disease causes in the life of the affected population. Chronic Degenerative Diseases were the second most prevalent cause, probably due to the process of demographic transition that the country is experiencing and the increase in the number of chronic diseases in the population. Conclusion: The research allowed characterizing the population served in the reference service in the State. In this way, it was possible to list the main demands and it is possible to elaborate public policies, specific and effective…