Comparative effectiveness of turmeric (Curcuma longa), garlic (Allium sativum) and curry leaves (Ocimum africanum) against stored insect pest of Maize, (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch)

Comparative effectiveness of turmeric (Curcuma longa), garlic (Allium sativum) and curry leaves (Ocimum africanum) against stored insect pest of Maize, (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch)

AZEEZ, O.M. AND OKE, E.

Department of Crop and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, River State

The bioactivity of turmeric, garlic and curry oil and powder were evaluated and compared against maize storage pest, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) at 28+2⁰C and relative humidity (r.h.) 65+5% in the laboratory. Ten pairs of newly emerged weevils were introduced separately into each of the plastics containing 20 g maize seed treated with plant oil at different concentrations, 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00% v/v and similarly plant powder at  dosage levels of 0.25 g, 0.50 g and 1.00 g of the tested  plant parts. Each treatment, including the control comprised four replicates which were laid out 3×3 factorial arrangements in a completely randomized design. Results indicated that oil and powder of curry, and turmeric evoked significant mortality (82.50%) and (81.00%), while garlic powder is equally effective (72.00%) in achieving mortality of the weevil. There was an appreciable reduction in means of exit hole and percent seed damage in treated maize seeds at 0.50% and 1.00% concentrations. Curry had exit hole (12.25 &11.00), turmeric had (12.75&11.75); also lower seed damage was recorded in curry (11.00% & 21.75%), while turmeric had (20.75% &31.00%). There was however corresponding high percent undamaged seed recorded in curry (89.00% & 78.25%) and turmeric (79.25% & 73.25%). All the plant parts tested reduced weight loss in the stored maize seeds when compared with the control. Adult mortality significantly correlated with exit hole (r = 0.381), seed damage (r = 0.0509) and undamaged seed (r = -0.0643). Therefore, 0.50% was lowest concentration at which control was achieved.

Keywords: Bioactivity; Sitophilus zeamais; Mortality; Protectant; Storage, Maize seed

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AZEEZ, O.M. AND OKE, E.Comparative effectiveness of turmeric (Curcuma longa), garlic (Allium sativum) and curry leaves (Ocimum africanum) against stored insect pest of Maize, (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch) . American Journal of Agricultural Research, 2022; 7:112. DOI: 10.28933/ajar-2020-05-1205

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