AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION, CORRELATION AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF ELITE GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) VARIETIES IN UYO, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION, CORRELATION AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF ELITE GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) VARIETIES IN UYO, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

Ofose, G. E., Bassey, E. E., and Udom, G. N.
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Field experiment was conducted at the University of Uyo Teaching and Research Farm, Uyo, Southeastern Nigeria during the 2021 cropping season to evaluate agro-morphological characters, and determine correlation coefficients and principal components in 10 groundnut varieties. The experiment which occupied a land area of 21.8m x 4.12m was laid out in a randomized complete block design in three replications. Characters studied were plant height (cm), number of leaves,  leaf area (cm²), number of branches, length of petioles (cm), days to first flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, length of pods (cm), circumference of pods (cm), weight of pods per plant (g), harvest index (%), weight of 100 seeds (g), pod yield (tha^-1) and seed yield (tha^-1). Significant differences (p>0.05) were observed among the groundnut varieties for all the characters. The variety, RC-128B was superior over all other varieties in nine characters, namely number of leaves, leaf area (cm²),  number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds (g), harvest index (%), pod yield (tha^-1) and seed yield (tha^-1), followed by RC-128S in seven, namely number of leaves, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, harvest index (%), seed yield (tha^-1) and pod yield (tha^-1), while RMP-24 was superior over the rest in six characters, namely plant height (cm) length of petioles (cm), plant biomass (g), weight of haulm (g), fresh weight of pods (g) and number of pods per plant. Six characters correlated significantly and positively with seed yield, namely number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, circumferences of pods (cm), weight of pods (g), weight of 100 seeds (g), harvest index (%) and pod yield (tha^-1). First 3PC with Eigen values greater than 1.0 jointly explained 77.6% of the total variations in the accession. The large variability observed in many of the characters, coefficient of variation, and correlation suggests crosses among the three varieties to obtain hybrid varieties for the area. For short-term measure, RC-128B could be recommended for cultivation by groundnut farmers in Uyo, Southeastern Nigeria.

Keywords: Agro-morphological characterization, coefficient of variation, correlation coefficient, groundnut, principal components

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Ofose, G. E., Bassey, E. E., and Udom, G. N.. AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION, CORRELATION AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF ELITE  GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) VARIETIES IN UYO, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA. American Journal of Agricultural Research, 2022; 7:118. DOI: 10.28933/ajar-2022-03-0605

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