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American Journal of Psychiatric Research and Reviews

American Journal of Psychiatric Research and Reviews, Recent Articles

Inactivity and Sedentary Behavior in Aging Adults: A Narrative Review

Review Article of American Journal of Psychiatric Research and Reviews Inactivity and Sedentary Behavior in Aging Adults: A Narrative Review Tiffany Field, PhD University of Miami School of Medicine and Fielding Graduate University The recent literature (last five years) on inactivity and sedentary behavior in aging (ageing) adults is predominantly focused on negative effects of inactivity/sedentary behavior along with some studies on predictors/risk variables and interventions. Aging has been typically defined as starting as early as 60 or 65. And, inactivity has been defined as reduced time being active and/or increased time being sedentary. The prevalence rates for inactivity in aging adults have been highly variable in this literature, ranging from a low of 21% to a high of 79%. Negative effects have included cognitive impairment, reduced muscle strength, frailty, depression and mortality. The Negative biological effects have included increased cytokines and triglycerides as well as increased hippocampal volume and white matter hyperintensities. Predictors/risk factors have been social isolation, loneliness, inadequate nutrition and multiple demographic variables. Interventions have been effective including stepping, Pilates and mobile health exercises. More well-designed longitudinal studies are needed as well as more robust randomized controlled trials. Keywords: Inactivity and Sedentary Behavior; Aging Adults; Narrative Review ...
American Journal of Psychiatric Research and Reviews, Recent Articles

Late Life Suicidality: A Narrative Review

Review Article of American Journal of Psychiatric Research and Reviews Late Life Suicidality: A Narrative Review Tiffany Field, PhD University of Miami School of Medicine and Fielding Graduate University This review summarizes research on late life suicidality found in the recent literature (last five years). The prevalence has widely ranged from 5-56% for suicidality in late life. The research has focused primarily on predictors/risk factors for suicidality. Social factors have included bereavement, isolation and loneliness. Psychological problems have included anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances and prior suicide attempts. Physical conditions have included functional disability, inflammation, chronic illness and drug misuse. Interventions have focused primarily on exercise and increasing physical activity. The interpersonal theory of suicide (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness), inflammation and immune dysfunction have been considered potential underlying mechanisms for late life suicidality. This research is limited to self-report, cross-sectional studies that typically involve several variables, although the relative significance of the different variables is frequently not reported. Keywords: Late Life Suicidality; Narrative Review ...
American Journal of Psychiatric Research and Reviews, Recent Articles

Sleep Problems in Youth During COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Review Article of American Journal of Psychiatric Research and Reviews Sleep Problems in Youth During COVID-19: A Narrative Review Tiffany Field, PhD University of Miami School of Medicine and Fielding Graduate University The prevalence of sleep problems in youth during COVID-19 has ranged widely across different countries from 19% to 66%. Some researchers reported different prevalence for the different types of sleep problems including difficulties initiating sleep or maintaining sleep. Others reported as many as 49% failing to meet WHO global guidelines for sleep. Surprisingly, only a few effects studies were found suggesting that stress, anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation had occurred following sleep disturbances. In contrast, most of the research in this literature has focused on risk factors/predictors of sleep problems. Several risk factors have been noted for sleep problems in youth during COVID-19 including excessive screen time, snacking and lack of physical activity. Negative mood states were also predictors or correlates including worrying about COVID, being bored, lonely, anxious and depressed. Limitations of the literature include that many studies are cross-sectional so that causality cannot be determined, the studies are highly variable on age of the youth and assessment measures and parents have typically been the reporters of their youth’s sleep problems. Nonetheless, the literature has highlighted sleep problems in youth that can inform potential intervention protocols. Keywords: Sleep problems, Youth, COVID-19 ...
American Journal of Psychiatric Research and Reviews, Recent Articles

Cabin Fever and Psychological Problems during a COVID-19 Lockdown

Research Article of American Journal of Psychiatric Research and Reviews Cabin Fever and Psychological Problems during a COVID-19 Lockdown Rachel Steele, Tiffany Field, Shantay Mines, and Samantha Poling Fielding Graduate University, University of Miami Cabin fever has been reported to have a deleterious impact on mental health in the COVID-19 literature. In this COVID-19 lockdown Survey Monkey study, as many as 75% of 260 respondents reported feeling cabin fever. Demographic correlations suggested that cabin fever occurred more frequently in non-Hispanic white participants. The significant correlations for the scales suggested that those experiencing feelings of cabin fever engaged in fewer health activities like self-care, feeling spiritual, and liking being at home; they spent more time on the internet including receiving and sending messages about the virus; they scored higher on the Stress Scale including worrying about the virus and their finances; they reported feeling more isolated, lonely, bored, and touch deprived; and they presented with higher scores on anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and PTSD scales. A regression analysis suggested that 44% of the variance in the cabin fever scores was explained by the stress and fatigue scale scores. The generalizability of these results is limited by the homogeneity of the sample (predominantly non-Hispanic white females). Nevertheless, they highlight the negative effects of feelings of cabin fever during a COVID-19 lockdown. Keywords: cabin fever, anxiety, depression, stress, PTSD, fatigue, COVID-19 lockdown ...

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American Journal of Psychiatric Research and Reviews

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