International Congress 2018

Introduction: Respiratory tract diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and often increase metabolic demand, with a negative impact on nutritional status (NS). Objective: To verify the NS of the elderly with respiratory diseases and their association with the diagnosis. Methodology: a retrospective study was carried out based on the collection of demographic, clinical and nutritional data from the records of elderly patients admitted with respiratory pathologies from February to July 2017 in the medical clinic. In the nutritional evaluation we considered: body mass index (BMI) classified according to Lipschitz (1994), the percentage of adequacy of arm circumference (AM) and calf circumference (CC). Kolmogorov-Sminorv test was used to verify normality and Pearson chi-square test to verify association between variables, with 95% confidence. The SPSS version 13.0 program was used. Results and Discussion: a sample of 24 elderly people, mean age of 74.56 ± 8.89 years, with 62.5% female. The common pathologies were respiratory tract infection (54.2%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (20.8%), pulmonary tuberculosis (12.5%) and pneumonia (12.5%). 50% were malnourished according to BMI, the mean BMI being 22.9 ± 5.82 kg / m2; 66.7% according to the AM and 70.8% according to the CC. The prevalence of eutrophic and overweight by BMI was 29.2% and 20.8%, respectively; 20.8% were eutrophic for the AM and 12.5% were overweight and obese. There was no significant association between diagnosis and nutritional indicators (p> 0.05). Respiratory tract infections are the main causes of hospitalization in this population, corroborating the literature. The prevalence of malnutrition found may suggest that elderly people with nutritional depletion are responsible for the greater number of hospitalizations. Conclusion: there was a higher prevalence of malnutrition, demonstrating the need for early intervention in order to contribute to clinical improvement and avoid worsening of nutritional status.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is a multifactorial case that may involve craniofacial development, bone structures, muscular structures and any soft tissue adjacent to the pharynx have importance to this disorder. It is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction. In Brazil the prevalence is 10% to 17% of the population. Recognized as a risk factor for systemic arterial hypertension, stroke and coronary heart disease. For diagnosis, the main exam is the polysomnography. For the evaluation of the efficacy of the therapies, such as the intraoral device, different exams have been proposed in the literature: computed tomography in sagittal, parasagittal, coronal sections, 3D reconstructions, cephalometry and nasolaringopharyngoscopy video. Objective: The aim of this paper is provide to professionals who work with sleep apnea, a less invasive solution to prove the efficacy of the therapies used. Methodology: The paper is a literature review to evaluate the results of nasolaringopharyngoscopy in patients undergoing treatment with intraoral device for sleep apnea without and during the use of the device to evaluate the opening of the larynx and pharynx. During the wake-up examination, the patient should undergo the Müller’s maneuver, which consists of deep breathing and maintaining inspiration by obstructing the upper airways, with room for the instrument only. Results and Discussion: It demonstrated that it is possible to do the examination, even if the patient is with the device. There is pronounced distinctness in this exam, which allows to accurately evaluate the clearance with or without devices, if it is well adapted. As a disadvantage, airway measurements are not accurate as on a CT scan. Conclusion: The nasolaringopharyngoscopy video is effective for qualitative analysis of the device use, but does not support in a quantitative analysis on the airways.

Introduction: Due to the aging process, there are disabling chronic diseases that have gained greater evidence in the public health scenario. Among them is diabetes mellitus (DM), which is one of the most common chronic diseases among the elderly. Life style is an important determinant of glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. Objectives: To describe the lifestyle of type 2 diabetic patients treated at the Family Health Basic Unit III, in the city of Santa Cecília-PB. Methodology: Descriptive study, population composed of 55 diabetics, adults, type 2, data collected from a pre-structured interview. Results and Discussion: 56% female, 44% male, 29% have good eating habits, 8% practice regular physical exercises, 75% are overweight, 20% are medicated. The World Health Organization considers that the diet of the diabetic is one of the factors responsible for keeping the glycemic levels within desirable limits. The survey found that only 29% of those involved have a proper diet with a very low index. Many studies suggest that sedentarism favored by modern life is a risk factor as important as inadequate diet in the etiology of obesity and has a direct and positive relationship with the increased incidence of DM 2 in adults. The practice of physical exercise for people living with diabetes is very low. Only 8% reported regular exercise. Conclusion: It is important to emphasize that glycemic control depends, in addition to drug therapy, on changes in lifestyle. Since 90% of respondents said they had good adherence to drug treatment. It is necessary to implement strategies that seek to raise awareness about the importance of lifestyle change.

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the complications that integrates the pathogenic diabetic foot triad. This neuropathy leads to a foot sensory loss, making the patient vulnerable to minor injuries that could precipitate lesions, subsequent infection and foot amputation. Therefore, the diagnosis needs to come from a complete and detailed physical examination. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the incidence of diabetic foot in diabetic patients who are users of the Basic Health Unit (BHS) in the city of Olinda, Pernambuco. Methodology: The sample of this descriptive exploratory of quantitative methods study was composed of 50 diabetic users of the Basic Health Unit. After signing a Free and Informed Consent Form, a questionnaire was applied regarding the perception of the diabetic on signs and symptoms which are observed in the diabetic foot, proceeding with a thorough evaluation of the feet using 10g of monofilament and performing the Pin Prick Test. Results and Discussion: In total, 70% of patients reported poor glycemic control, 63% reported neuropathic symptoms such as numbness and tingling in the feet and 57% of the evaluated patients have thickened nails and dried or scaly feet. Regarding the vascular evaluation 47% of the evaluated presented with a decreased pedal pulse and 7% presented with this same pulse absent, while 40% had decreased posterior tibial pulse and 7% did not present any pulse at palpation. Regarding the sensitivity assessment, 30% of diabetics presented abnormal results in one of the feet and 7% had no painful and tactile reflex through the sting sensation test. Conclusion: A preventive evaluation of the feet on diabetic patients resulted in important data that informs about the high prevalence of neuropathic findings, contributing to a greater knowledge for the UBS professional team about the presence of neuropathic foot in their diabetic users.

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease, besides a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, nowadays, it is characterized as a worldwide epidemic. The food imbalance and physical inactivity are factors that contribute to the emergence of obesity as well as diabetes. Objective: To evaluate the injury on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese rats induced by high fat diet. Methodology: Male Rats Wistar (8 weeks old) were submitted to the standard diet (chow group, 11.8% kcal-Lipids; n = 5) and dietary intervention with high fat diet during 8 weeks (HFD group, 58.4% kcal-Lipids; n= 5). It was evaluated the body weight weekly, and fasting and fed blood glucose. At the end of the experimental period, was measured the glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and gluconeogenesis. After the animal sacrifice, it was analyzed relative weight of white adipose tissue, as well as the adipocytes diameter (epididymal white adipose tissue) and circulating levels of leptin. Results and Discussion: The group HFD presented higher body weight (from the 2nd week of diet), an increase accumulation of epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissue. In addition, in these animals, it was observed a significant increase in the adipocytes diameter and the levels of leptin in plasma when compared to animals chow, indicating obesity with increased release of cytokines. In HFD group, the fasting blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the 6th week of high fat diet consumption compared to the chow group. Adding up to the frame of obesity, at the end of the 8th week of high fat diet consumption, the obese group had higher fasting plasma glucose in fed state, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, as well as increased gluconeogenesis as compared with the chow group. Conclusion: Obesity with adipocyte hypertrophy, induced by high fat diet, induces glycemic damages, as the elevation of blood…

Introduction: The high intake of carbohydrates and lipids is one of factors that contribute to the onset of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), a complex clinical situation which brings together, besides obesity, several cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Objective: To develop a hyperlipidemic dietetic animal model to obesity associated with NAFLD. Methodology: Male Rats Wistar (8 weeks old) were submitted to the standard diet (chow group, 11,8% kcal- lipids) and hypercaloric and hyperlipidemic during 8 weeks (HFD group, 58,4% kcal-lipids). After the dietary intervention, body weight, plasma and hepatic lipid profile (triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL and fatty acids) and adiposity index were evaluated. Moreover, histological assessment of hepatic lipid deposition and fibrosis, as well as the hepatic damage marker (alanine aminotransferase-ALT) were evaluated. Results and Discussion: Comparing to the chow group, HFD animals presented higher body weight, both in fasting and in the fed state, increased abdominal circumference, adiposity index, as well as plasma levels of total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acids, characterizing the dietary phenotype of obesity. In addition, the HFD group had a significant decrease in brown adipose tissue, together with the lowest weight loss induced by 16h overnight fasting, suggesting a decrease in energy expenditure. In the liver, the HFD group presented a significant increase in the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, VLDL and non-esterified fatty acids, and, qualitatively, increased lipid deposition and fibrosis. Together, these results associated with increased plasma ALT activity indicate NAFLD with hepatocyte damage. Conclusion: A high fat diet intake induces comorbidities that characterize MetS, such as obesity associated with decreased energy expenditure, as well as NAFLD.

A Introduction: In most countries, drug use is regulated by official bodies that determine which substances can be consumed. However, in many countries, alcoholic beverages and cigarettes, for example, are licit drugs although their consumption is usually of no medicinal purpose. According to the World Health Organization, alcohol dependence affects about 10 to 12% of the world’s population and alcohol is recognized as a major cause of mortality and disability. One in 20 deaths is attributed to the consumption of alcohol, a licit drug that kills more than AIDS, tuberculosis and violence together, warns the WHO. Objective: The objective of this project is to analyze hepatotoxic and lipid profiles in students of a private higher education institution, due to the use of licit drugs. Metodology: The study was a cross-sectional, experimental, quantitative and qualitative study, in which the hepatic and lipid biochemical aspects of licit drug users and the sample profile were evaluated based on a questionnaire, the total sample of the study added 300 individuals representing the population total. Results and Discussion: Based on the results it was verified that 205 (68.3%) of the students answered that they consumed at least one or more drugs in the month, being only alcohol, and only 95 (31.7%) did not use any drugs damn it. Among women, 218 (72.7%), drink and only, 28 (11.3%) do not drink. Regarding men, 27 (50%) drink and 27 (50%) do not drink. The level of consumption was observed that, 139 (46.3) consume five or more doses of alcoholic beverage on one occasion, and 83 (27.8%) drink more than once in the month. Conclusion: According to the data, it is inferred that there was a strong incidence in the consumption of alcohol, since the Tobacco did not have significant samples

Introduction: The canine babesiosis is a disease caused by the intra-erythrocyte hematozoa Babesia canis, B. gibsoni and B. vogeli, mainly transmitted by Rhipicefalus sanguineus tick. In Brazil, the most common species is B. canis. Cases of canine babesiosis have been reported in several Brazilian states, and may cause serious damage to the health of animals. Objective: this study aims to analyze the hematological alterations of dogs treated at a veterinary clinic. Methodology: the research was retrospective, exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional with quantitative-qualitative approach, and it was carried out at the clinic Bicho Estimado – Cordeiro, Recife-PE. Data collection was performed in the database of the Clinic laboratory, where reports of complete blood count and hematozoal examination were consulted, referring to the period from May 2012 to December 2014. Results: 716 laboratory reports were analyzed. A mean positivity of 20.11% was found for canine babesiosis, diagnosed by the blood draw technique stained by Giemsa. With regard to the hemogram, the following results were obtained: erythrocytes with an average value of 5.36 million/μL [reference value (VR)= 5,5 to 8,5] and platelets 183.5 thousand/μL (200-500 thousand/μL). Discussion: The hemogram showed the presence of anemia, with values of hemoglobin below the reference values. In the leukogram, monocytopenia and mild neutrophilia were observed. He also had thrombocytopenia and a high positivity for babesia. Conclusion: the results showed that babesiosis affects dogs of this region with a relevant frequency, causing alterations in some hematological parameters. The data indicate that the city has favorable conditions and an environment conducive to the contact of dogs with the transmitting agent, an important fact to outline future prevention, education and treatment strategies.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases affect many individuals and their medical evaluation identifies the need for surgery, such as myocardial revascularization, valve replacement, among others. Cardiac valve replacement is a possibility for patients to promote their quality of life, which requires the performance of a multidisciplinary team, and the psychological support to the patient collaborates for its recovery. Objective: To describe how psychological care occurs in pre and postoperative cardiac valve replacement surgery. Methodology: Experience report. Results and discussion: In the preoperative period of this surgery, the psychologist performs an interview to evaluate the patient, analyzes whether he has a history of mental disorder and establishes a host and attachment for follow-up, and in the postoperative period, focuses on recovery and psychological support to the patient, aiming to raise awareness of the quality of life. Conclusion: The insertion of the psychologist in the health team is essential for the patient care in this surgery, offering psychological support and speech space to express the patient’s desires before surgery and the chronicity of this disease.

Introduction: Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and plays a central role in the metabolic syndrome, which involves hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. The prevalence of hypertension is about 3 times higher in obese patients. In the treatment of hypertension associated with obesity the decrease of the BMI plays central role in the reduction of the pressure. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of obesity in hypertensive patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of the documental type with a quantitative approach was carried out from 150 medical records of adult hypertensive patients followed up by the HIPERDIA program in the first half of 2017 at the Pororoca basic health unit in the municipality of Santa Cecília -PB. The body mass index was used to classify the nutritional status. Results and Discussion: 51% female, 49% male. 10% adequate weight, 65% overweight and 25% obesity. The prevalence of obesity in the studied population was 25%, while 65% of the sample were overweight. Only a small part, 10%, was found as the proper weight. There was no discrepancy in the percentage of male and female users. Conclusion: The results of the present study show a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, reinforcing the need for strategies that promote the reduction of obesity among hypertensive individuals. For this, the identification of obesity should be part of the routine actions of basic attention to the health of the hypertensive ones.