Recent Articles

Risk-taking related to road mobility of vulnerable users can be different from one country to another, from one culture to another. Vulnerable users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists), who are those whose exterior protections are most lacking compared to drivers of cars or trucks, constitute almost half of the individuals killed in road accidents (WHO, 2015). Contexts, cultural values and beliefs are likely to play a role in risk taking (Cestac et al., 2016; Delhomme & Meyer, 1995; Kouabenan, 2007;). This research aims to compare Cameroonians to French in terms of beliefs, cultural values and motivation for protection and identify the predictors of attitude and intention to infringe the red light. It was conducted among 156 Cameroonians and 131 French using a self-assessment questionnaire. Results showed differences in beliefs, motivation for protection and cultural values. Cameroonians have a strong religiosity compared to the French. The differences observed in terms of beliefs are in line with the reflection of Ingelhart (1999) who shows that there are more beliefs in Africa than in Europe. Cameroonians have a strong religiosity compared to French. The differences observed in terms of beliefs are in line with Ingelhart’ (1999) positions who shows there are more beliefs in Africa than in Europe.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) usually presents to the emergency room (ED) with a rapid ventricular rate, which commonly, but not always, is symptomatic. Rate control is usually easily managed with diltiazem (DTZ) and beta blockers (BBs), typically metoprolol (MTP). Sinus rhythm is frequently restored within 48 hours by means of spontaneous conversion, electrical cardioversion, or medications. However, AF recurs within one year in 60-80% of these subjects. There are little data describing doses of DTZ and MTP used for AF rate control at discharge. A retrospective study of 576 patients presenting with acute AF were evaluated for admission and discharge rate control medications (RCMs). For the 319 (68%) patients with a ventricular rate ≥110bpm the admission and discharge dose of MTP was 61mg and 63mg and DTZ was 195mg and 204mg, respectively. Those who remained in AF had a modest increase in the two medications compared to the patients who converted to sinus rhythm. Current guidelines recommend DTZ up to 300 to 400mg and MTP up to 300mg for rate control for select patients. Concerns about high doses of MTP are mitigated by the MERIT-HF Trial demonstrating improved mortality and symptoms with doses of MTP up to 200mg demonstrating the safety and efficacy of MTP in high risk patients. Lack of follow-up of future AF recurrences is a limitation of the study. For those patients with acute AF and a heart rate (HR) >110bpm, a minimal increase in RCMs for those in AF at discharge was noted.

Background: There is a positive association between various types of cancer and diabetes. Duodenopancreatectomy is the treatment of choice for diabetic patients with duodenal tumors. Pancreatic resections may trigger endocrine insufficiency. There is an association between poor glycemic control and lower survival rates. Low carb diets appears to be an effective approach in the treatment of diabetic patients that require pancreatic resections. Case Presentation: We report the case of a type II diabetic diagnosed with resectable duodenum cancer. At the time of diagnosis he was jaundiced and with decompensated diabetes. The patient was submitted to a low carb diet for three weeks and, having improved its physiological and metabolic parameters, we performed a duodenopancreatectomy. The patient evolved without complications, with easy management of postoperative glycemia. Conclusions: Low carb diets can prove to be a powerful, inexpensive, and safe tool to add to our therapeutic arsenal before pancreatic resections.

Background and objectives: The public costs of self-reported mental stress and distress are enormous. And both the advance of neurobiology and the modern more biological approach of psychiatry as a whole are considerable. This work intends to provide an essential, updated and objective panoramic view on the neurobiology of all kinds of stress in relation to people’s mental health and pathologies. Method: Bibliographic indexes such as Pubmed, Psycinfo Journal and Índices CSIC, were consulted, among others. The matter being tackled is extremely profuse, varied and complex, therefore the found literature has been as numerous as heterogeneous. It is also so dispersed that we have conducted a narrative non-systematic review that is intended to be impartial and balanced. Results: This article will concisely discuss the available, prominent and reliable scientific information regarding the main cerebral structures involved in the experience of stress, such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus. It will also comment on stress physiology, neuroendocrinology and associated psychopathology, as well as specifically certain genetic variations and linked molecular and immune activities. Conclusion: We have synthesised the relevant and current scientific knowledge of the correlations among stress, mental health and neurobiology as well as of their reciprocal interactions. There is increasing knowledge of these correlations and interactions, but it remains limited. Accordingly, further research is required.

The falling number instrument analyzes viscosity by measuring the resistance of a flour and water paste to a falling stirrer. The level of enzyme activity measured by the falling number test affects product quality. If the falling number is too high, enzymes can be added to the flour in various ways to compensate. If the falling number is too low, enzymes cannot be removed from the flour or wheat, which results in a serious problem that makes the flour unusable. Falling number results were recorded as an index of enzyme activity in a wheat flour sample and the results were expressed in time as seconds. In this study six samples from Arsi Robe, four samples from Bekoji and two samples from Kulumsa were samples with high values of falling number that indicates minimal enzyme activity and sound quality wheat or flour. On the other hand two samples from Arsi Robe, three samples from Bekoji and two samples from Kulumsa were samples with low values of falling number that indicates substantial enzyme activity and sprout-damaged wheat or flour. In short from the total of wheat samples collected from each sampling sites, 67% from Arsi Robe, 44% from Bekoji and 22% from Kulumsa were samples with high falling number values and thus minimal enzyme activity. Similarly, 22% from Arsi Robe, 33% from Bekoji and 22% from Kulumsa were samples with low falling number values and the enzymes activities were substantial.

Introduction: Post-tonsillectomy bleeding is one of the most common complications of tonsillectomy. The rate varies with different methods. Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the prevalence of postoperative bleeding after total, extracapsular tonsillectomy, and after subtotal, intracapsular, microscope- and microdebrider- assisted tonsillectomy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent a tonsillectomy in a period of two years. We compared two surgical methods, extracapsular tonsillectomy and microscope- and microdebrider-assisted intracapsular tonsillectomy. Results: Five hundred seventy patients were included in the study. Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in 100 patients (17.5%). By the extracapsular tonsillectomy method, postoperative bleeding was noted in 82 patients (19.7%), while by the intracapsular technique in 18 (11.7%) patients. A return-to-theatre to achieve hemostasis was required in 38 patients (9.1%) and 3 patients (1.9%), respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed a statistically significant lower incidence of post-tonsillectomy bleeding and need to perform revision surgery under general anesthesia to control bleeding after intracapsular tonsillectomy.

The last in a series of “The Depth of Sociological Theory”, this effort compares and contrasts Parsons’s concept of Functionalism with Dahrendrof’s Conflict View.

In beekeeping, honeybee queen has significant effect on several production and productivity traits. Artificial queen rearing techniques are among the important approaches to help to produce of queens with desirable characters in beekeeping. The aim of the present review of literature is to assess progress of past research and identify gaps in artificial honeybee queen rearing.In Ethiopia, several studies have been conducted on various aspects of honeybee queen rearing. A number of queen rearing methods were evaluated and recommended for use. However, little or nothing is known on other important attributes of honeybee queen rearing like queen quality and fecundity.It is very much important for the future research works to focus 1st on how to be very sure that honeybee queen rearing is possible with all races of Ethiopian honeybee and 2nd test the produced queens on their quality and fecundity aspects.

IgG-4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by tissues infiltration with lymphocytes and IgG4 secreting plasma cells, significant fibrosis and response well to steroids. It is typically a systemic disease that involves various organs. We are presenting a 57-year-old female who was found to have elevated serum creatinine, Proteinuria. An ultrasound scan revealed bilateral hydronephrosis and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan illustrated a large retroperitoneal mass. Further evaluation of the mass with whole-body positron emission tomography (PET CT) scan was suggestive of retroperitoneal fibrosis or lymphoma. A CT guided biopsy was done, and results were consistent with fibrosis in the context of IgG-4 related disease. IgG-4 serum levels were elevated. The patient was treated with oral steroids. Azathioprine and Rituximab. Renal function improved significantly and was stable upon 3 months follow up with a decrease in IgG-4 levels and with a significant reduction in the mass lesion.

Among the treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Neisseria gonorrhoeae is considered to be most important because of its ever evolving antibiotic resistance. Currently third generation cephalosporins are recommended as first-line drugs in many countries. Unfortunately, resistance to these cephalosporins (cefixime and ceftriaxone) has been reported elsewhere. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoea in adult males presenting to Mulago hospital with urethral discharge and to determine the level of resistance of Neisseria gonorrhea to the commonly available antimicrobial agents at the clinic focusing on extended-spectrum cephalosporins. In a cross sectional study, we enrolled 112 adult males aged 18-65 yrs with urethral discharge at the STD clinic Mulago Hospital. Prevalence of gonorrhoea was determined based on Gram staining and/or N. gonorrhea isolation at culture. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and with the Nitrocefin tests for β-lactamase production. Among 112 adult male patients aged 18-65 years with urethral discharge,the prevalence of N. gonorrhea was at 81.3%. Resistance to drugs was identified at the following rates: tetracycline 100%, ciprofloxacin 94.8%, cotrimoxazole 91.4%, penicillin 82.8%, cefixime 20.7%, ceftriaxone 5.2%, spectinomycin 1.7%, and azithromycin 0%. According to this study drug resistance to commonly available antimicrobials for N. gonorrhea is very high among isolates from patients attending the STI clinic, Mulago Hospital Kampala, Uganda. Ceftriaxone, spectinomycin and azithromycin appeared to be the most useful drugs in the treatment of N. gonorrhea infection at the clinic. This work was completed in November 2017.