Assessment of Antihypertensives Drug Class in Type 2 Diabetes and It’s Complications
Background: Hypertension and Diabetes are now serious public and worldwide health challenge as by 2025 it has been estimated that 1.56 billion world population will suffer from hypertension and diabetes is the 8th leading cause of death. Objectives:Primary objective is assessment of antihypertensive drug classes used in type 2 diabetes & it’s complications and Secondary objectives are , is to assess the prescribing pattern of diabetic drugs, and to assess the incidence of complications in diabetes mellitus. Methods & Materials: This was a prospective observational study carried out at Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital. Data collection form was prepared and study was carried out in Patients with inclusion criterias after they were briefed about the study and oral consent was obtained from them. Results: 150 patients were included in the study, with females 66.67%. The average age of patients included in the study was 57.97±9.90, belonging to the age group 55-64 years. Out of 150 patients 105 had diabetic complications. Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy CCB 38.71% and the combination of ARB with diuretic 22.58% were prescribed, In patients with cardiovascular diseases they were mostly prescribed with CCB 34.29% followed by Beta-Blockers 20.00%, in patients with cerebrovascular diseases combinations of ARB with Diuretic 30.77% were most prescribed and in diabetic foot CCB 45.83% were prescribed. Managing diabetes, Metformin was the most prescribed as mono-therapy in 24.49% patients and as the combination with Glimepiride was used in 56.46% patients. Conclusion: This study revealed that CCB as monotherapy and ARB with diuretics as dual therapy were the most commonly used agents with diabetic complications like diabetic neuropathy, cardiovascular diseases and diabetic foot. A larger sample size may be necessary to reach a conclusion on the benefits of particular classes of drug in different diabetes complication so as to slower their progression.
A project work on role of clinical pharmacist in a haemovigilance unit of a tertiary care hospital
Blood is a very important component of the human body. Blood constituents of about 7% of the total bodies’ weight. An average Adult body that is having a weight of 150-180 pounds will have approximately 4.7-5.5 liters of blood. Blood is a fluid connective tissue that circulate continuously around the body, allowing the constant communication between tissues that are far away from each other. It transports: •Oxygen from the lung to the tissues, and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs or excretion. •Nutrients from the alimentary tract to the tissues, and cell wash-es to the excretory organ, principally the kidney. •Hormones secreted by endocrine glands to their target organs and tissues. •Protective substance like Antibodies like to the site of infection •Clotting factor that coagulates blood, minimizing bleeding from ruptured blood vessel. Blood Is composed of a clear, straw-colored, watery fluid called plasma in which there are several types of blood cell are sus-pended. Blood plays a very important role in transport of nutrition and re-spiratory gases, act as a vehicle to transport hormones and en-zymes from their place or origin to the place where it is required, drain waste products, maintaining hemostasis, regulation of body temperature and, most importantly, act as a defense mechanism for the body.