Recent Articles

Since discovery of the osseointegration of titanium in the 1950s, dental implants have been made of titanium the 1960s. In 1977, the first extraoral titanium implant was inserted for craniofacial rehabilitation aims. Craniofacial implants start to be popular for craniofacial reconstruction and rehabilitation. Craniofacial implants become as revaluation in rehabilitation fields, to day even large facial defect can be reconstructed via this surgical –prosthetic technique. The aim of this review is to explain and clarify the indications and techniques for such procedure.

Background: Immobilization using an abduction brace is essential for the relaxation of the rotator cuff and scapular muscles and the prevention of a retear in patients with rotator cuff tear after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). However, thus far, the comparison of the scapular muscle activities has not been compared among different postures under an abduction brace in patients after ARCR. Objectives: The purpose of our study was to compare the scapular muscle activities among the supine position, sitting position, and walking under an abduction brace before and after ARCR Study Design: Observational, repeated measures study. Methods: Twelve patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were studied. The mean patient age was 64.7 years. The scapular muscle activations of the ipsilateral limbs were measured using surface electromyography in three postures: supine position, sitting position, and walking. The integrated electromyography relative values of the upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, and biceps brachii were compared preoperatively and at two weeks after ARCR. Results: The trapezius, biceps brachii, and middle deltoid in the walking showed significantly higher integrated electromyography relative values than those in the supine position, preoperatively and at two weeks after surgery. The anterior deltoid in the sitting position had significantly higher integrated electromyography relative values than those in the supine position. Conclusions: Postures affected the scapular muscle activities in ARCR patients under an abduction brace. Understanding the influence of posture on the scapular muscle activity after ARCR will help rehabilitation accurately and appropriately.

Computer-Aided-Design/Computer-Aided-Manufacture or in short CAD/CAM technology is a revolutionary method which was utilized in dentistry in order to achieve more efficient and precise work that not only reduce time but also produce more patient satisfaction on the short and long term. Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) can be done by utilizing a specially designed software and an intraoral scanners or laboratory scanners which can construct a three dimensional image of scanned mouth or impression. Computer-Aided-Manufacture (CAM) on the other hand, can be done by subtractive or additive manufacturing. Subtractive manufacturing is done either by spark erosion or by a milling machine. Additive manufacturing on the other hand is made by layering technique in a step by step vertical buildup of the object or restoration. This review illustrates the indications, advantages, and limitations of CAD/CAM technology in construction of different types of restorations and the possible future of this technology.

Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma usually occurs among women in their 60s or 70s. There are a limited number of reports of vulvar cancer cases younger than 30 years. These patients have usually risk factors such as human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In this report, the authors present a rare case of invasive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a 21-year-old patient without HPV infection. Surgical treatment was performed, followed by adjuvant radiation therapy.

Background: Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injuries are the most common in ankle torsional injuries. ATFL and peroneal tendons are both important stabilizers of lateral ankle joint. We aimed to evaluate peroneal tendons and ATFL. Methods: Fifteen nonpaired leg of fresh frozen cadavers were assessed in this study. After harvesting, ATFL diameters were measured at three points by calipers, these are fibular side, intermediate side and talar side. The mean of these three measurements were assessed and tissue a 15 lb load was applied to the peroneal tendons for 10 minutes, and the transverse diameters were measured by folding the thickest part of the tendon in a double-strand. Results: 5 single bundle, 8 double-bundle and 2 three bundles of ATFL were obtained after dissection. . There was no correlation between ATFL diameter, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis and total tendon diameters of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis in women (p> 0.05). A strong correlation was found between ATFL diameter, peroneus longus (r: 0.95), peroneus brevis (r: 0.81) and total tendon diameters of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis (r: 0.92) in men. Conclusion: Relationship between the diameter of the ATFL and peroneal tendons diameters were evaluated and a correlation was observed in males, while no correlation was observed in females.

A desmoid tumor (DT) was first described by MacFarlane in 1832. DTs are rare tumors, corresponding to only 0.03% of all neoplasia and less than 3% of all soft tissue tumors. Most of the tumors occur in the abdomen and presentation in the extremities is uncommon. Here, we present a review of the literature and the 27th case of DT of the foot.

Ageing is the major risk factor for dementia and nearly every country has seen its life expectancy rise from the beginning of the 21st century. Remaining socially connected has positive health and social implications and may be even more significant for marginalized group of people like those living with dementia. If appropriately used, social prescriptions can help deliver value-based social engagement and primary care by maximising the utilisation of resources and addressing social determinants of health, decreasing dependency on the biomedical model and thus providing a way for health care systems to deal with social determinants of health. More frequently, however, those seeking access to these programmes do not tend to do so simply due to lack of understanding and knowledge of the availability of such services. So, provision of social activities involves more than developing a program and hoping people will attend, and considering the particular situations of those living with dementia as marginalised group of people, and taking into account that there is no treatment for dementia, societies need to move toward social prescription, integrating appropriate MedTech support- targeting on those living with dementia- into such programs.

Perioperative visual loss (POVL) is a drastic complication that can result after ocular and more commonly non-ocular surgery, mostly reported after spine and cardiac bypass procedures. Despite the rarity of such complication, it has been reported following the abdominal surgeries. Overall, the most common cause of POVL is ischemic optic neuropathy but any pathology to the optical system from the cornea to the occipital lobe can lead to this rare phenomenon. Here, we are reporting the second case in the literature of post-operative visual loss after laparoscopic appendectomy. A young female, with no underlying disease, underwent laparoscopic appendectomy after septic shock secondary to acute appendicitis. Postoperatively, patient complained of complete blindness after extubation. Neurologic examination revealed bilateral near complete blindness, and hemodynamic ischemic stroke in the occipital cortex.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is an uncommon disease (annual incidence estimated at 1/20,000–500,000) characterized by the development of dense fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneal compartment [1]. RPF can be idiopathic or secondary to drugs, infections, radiotherapy, malignant diseases, major abdominal surgery, trauma and retroperitoneal injuries [2,3]. RPF has also been reported in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases including rheumatic diseases [4-7]. Several cases of RPF in patients with ankylosing spondylitis have been described. Herein, we report a new case of retroperitoneal fibrosis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis.

Aim: Facial Fat Grafting(FFG) was first described in the early 20th century but for many years remained a relatively underused technique due to the unreliability of long-term volume expansion and retention. FFG was initially used as a technique to improve facial aesthetics. Over the years the technique  has evolved into more complex reconstructive and regenerative procedures and new clinical applications. Methods: In the last two decades the indications of FFG have been extended into cranio-maxillofacial reconstructive surgery. This includes post-traumatic soft tissue defects,  aesthetics,congenital and other postsurgical volume deficits. Results: While several approaches were suggested for fat harvesting and grafting, the results were rather unsatisfactory due to the degeneration of many adipocytes that occurred during these manipulations. The technique of autologous fat transfer has then been perfectioned becoming an augmentation-regenerative process that can be used to treat a wide range of difficult and challenging reconstructive problems. The procedure  described herein has been performed in different patients with various pathology sequelae with sactisfactory morpho-aesthetic results and a low complication rate. Conclusion: FFG can be used in any facial area where is lack,of soft tissue or where there is scarring,producing natural and long-lasting results. Mesenchymal stem cells represent a great tool in regenerative medicine because of their ability to differentiate into a variety of specialized cells. However more definitive studies are still needed in order to answer specific questions regarding the best technique to be used and the role of ADSC’s.Clinical cases with volume paucity or deficiencies are presented with a long-term outcome in augmentation and regeneration.