Basic and Applied Sciences

The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha (ATJK) district of the East Shoa Zone Oromai Region, Eethiopia, with the objectives to assess the existing status of feed resource under climate change and examine chemical composition. Feed sample from grazing lands (protected communal (PC), protected private (PP) and unprotected communal (UnPC) and crop residues were used for chemical composition analysis (23 from the natural pasture (NP) and 48 from crop residues (CRs). Out of 23 herbaceous species identified in ATJK district, Cynodon dactilon in ATJK district was the dominant grass species. The average mean DMY (ton ha-1) of grass obtained from PPGL (2.43) and PCGL (2.36) was significantly (P

This nursing home architectural design is based on a human perspective.The article elaborates on the corresponding design of the building to meet the psychological needs and living habits of the elderly.This is to help to explore how to design a qualified nursing home that meets the physical and mental needs of the elderly in today’s social situation.

Ti/TiO2-NTs(nanotubes)/PbO2 is a new composite electrode material,which has been considered as an optimal electrode material for electrochemical oxidation of organic contaminants in the aquatic environmentthat due to its its good physical and chemical properties,such as good electrocatalytic activity, high oxygen evolution potential, corrosion resistance, good stability, environmental friendliness and simple preparation. The fundamental research and practical application of Ti/ TiO2-NTs(nanotubes)/PbO2 electrodes in the mineralization of organic pollutants have been well developed up to now. So this paper mainly reviews the preparation methods of Ti/TiO2-NTs/ PbO2 electrodes and the structural characterization methods of electrode materials first. And then, the basic principle of electrocatalytic oxidation will be introduced in detail and the application of this electrodes in water treatment is going to be summarized systematically. Further, we also proposed the existing problems in recent research and the potential development direction of electrocatalytic water treatment technology in the future, which could provide reference for the follow-up research.

In view of the problem of clogging of ultrafiltration membrane in ultrafiltration process, the contamination mechanism of humic acid solution on ultrafiltration membrane was studied in depth. Through the ultrafiltration test of different concentrations of humic acid solution, it was found that humic acid can cause pollution to the ultrafiltration membrane, and the higher the humic acid concentration, the more serious the membrane contamination. The introduction of calcium carbonate particles can delay the progress of ultrafiltration membrane fouling in the initial stage of ultrafiltration, but as the ultrafiltration time increases, the membrane fouling rate increases rapidly. The kaolin particles can aggravate the contamination of the ultrafiltration membrane by humic acid, and the contamination can be washed away by the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The introduction of calcium ions can significantly aggravate membrane fouling and polymerize humic acid molecular chains. Sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite alkali solution can effectively remove the humic acid pollution on the ultrafiltration membrane, wherein the sodium hydroxide solution has better cleaning effect, and the calcium carbonate-containing pollutant can be washed with a citric acid solution.

In this paper, a cloud-level grading comprehensive evaluation model based on fuzzy c-means algorithm is established. The image is binarized by the maximum inter-class variance method to obtain the dim curve. According to the dim curve of the four quadrants, the distribution and thickness of the cloud layer are discriminated. Three attributes of the effective area of the cloud layer, the total amount of clouds, and the thickness of the cloud amount are selected as the characteristic data of the comprehensive evaluation model.

The downward slide in Nigeria’s food production has gradually led the country into becoming a food-deficit, food importing Nation because of the discovery of petroleum. Nigeria has degenerated into a significant food importing nation because the government neglected the agricultural sector for petroleum which is seen as a much viable resource income. As a consequence, the country is plunged into food insecurity because of rising prices of imported foods. Presently, Nigeria faces food shortage challenges and hunger. Before we can adequately address the underlying problems plaguing the food security system, we need to address the factors influencing agricultural development and sustainability in the economy with a view to improving on food security. Any policy design to tackle this should include inputs supply channels, technology improvement avenues and, credits and subsidies that are not cumbersome and needed. Until we see food insecurity as a gross abuse of human right, the paradigm shift advocated may never be attained.

Traditionally, the relevance of agriculture in economic development rests on the contributions of the agriculture sector in economic development and, women constitute a large proportion of agricultural labour and participants. The contributions of women to agricultural production and economic development in Nigeria are critically underrepresented in spite of the roles they play in the sector. They compete much more favourably than the men in terms of participation in agricultural activities, contributions to agriculture based economy and food security yet, are relegated in decisions concerning agricultural activities. The sustenance of agriculture and agriculture based economic diversification in Nigeria may not be feasible without an adequate recognition of women’s efforts and, therefore should be given a place of pride in decision-making in agricultural activities. Some gender based constraints have been noted to hinder women’s participation in productive agricultural activities. These gender biases exist due to customs and beliefs that confine women to the background. Gender mainstreaming remains one of the options in diversifying the economy with guaranteed effective women participation. It is suggested that Government policies and programs designed to stimulate agricultural production, should take into account the role of women. A gender dimension may be incorporated into all phases of the policy cycle. This should describe in detail a format of how gender can be mainstreamed in every phase of the policy cycle.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, cancer is a public health problem, especially among developing countries, where it is expected that in the coming decades, the impact of the disease on the population will correspond to 80% of the more than 20 million cases new estimates for 2025. Despite the advances in the technologies and drugs of antineoplastic therapy, several oral repercussions can be observed. Thus, dentistry plays a fundamental role in the restoration of general health and, consequently, the quality of life of these individuals. Objectives: To verify the dental assistance in the oncological practice. Methodology: Literature review where we searched for published articles available on the internet in the database systems: Medlars on line International Literature (Medline), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs) and Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry (BBO) present on the website of the Virtual Health Library (BVS). Results and Discussion: The literature evidences the need for oral-dental care and the inclusion of the dental surgeon in the multi and inter-transdisciplinary medical team required for good oncological practice. The literature is unanimous in indicating the need for medical intervention with the support of a multidisciplinary health team, including dental surgeon, in order to ensure adequate performance of antineoplastic therapies and specific care in the control of oral side effects and consequent general repercussions. Dentistry, for example, the prevention, treatment and control of diseases such as mucositis, xerostomia, cavities, dental infections and opportunistic mouth. Precariousness or even lack of adequate dental care may compromise oncological practice. Conclusion: The dentist incorporated into the oncological practice contributes to the quality of the care, favoring the integral care with attention to the oral condition and systemic repercussions.

Introduction: Cancer is a public health problem, and among patients with neoplasias, 5 to 10% will develop disease-related wounds where they affect the quality of life of the patient. Odor is the most prevalent symptomatology and requires frequent assessment to identify appropriate conduct and necessary adjustments. Objective: To verify the existence of odor evaluation instruments in neoplastic wounds. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the literature. The bibliographical survey was performed from September to October 2016 in the databases Lilacs, SciELO, IBECS and MEDLINE, with no time limit. Original articles were included in Portuguese, Spanish and English, published in full and electronically available, totaling 15 articles. Results and Discussion: Among the symptoms of neoplastic wounds, bad odor is one of the most complex to address and should be explored carefully and scientifically, for decision-making and interventions. In this research were found only scales and no instrument. Nine assessment scales were found, most of them produced by nurses, who evaluated only the intensity of the odor, and only two evaluated the distance and intensity. The most used scale was the qualitative and quantitative odor evaluation guide, designed to evaluate products and / or coverings in neoplastic wound dressings, scoring the symptom in four levels. As for validation, only the Teler scale was validated, scoring on six levels. Therefore, even in the absence of validity, the scales have been used in clinical practice, both in verifying the efficacy of the treatment for odor control and in the measurement of the symptom itself. Conclusion: The results of this study have demonstrated to date a single validated scale, pointing to the need to develop new tools in order to incorporate validated and reliable instruments into clinical practice.

Introduction: Bruxism is a parafunctional oral activity that includes tightening, grinding and clapping teeth during sleep or wakefulness. Sleep bruxism (BS) is detected by electromyography (EMG) through the recording of masticatory muscle function during sleep. The EMG should be part of a more comprehensive examination, the polysomnography (PSG). Objectives: To analyze the polysomnographic aspects of bruxism and its relation to sleep disorders. Methodology: An integrative review was carried out in MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF and SCIELO databases, with publications between 2012 and 2017, in Portuguese and English, using the descriptors: “Bruxism” and “Polissonography”. Result: 83 related articles were found, of which 3 served as theoretical basis. Discussion: PSG records the main nocturnal physiological events through electrodes and sensors arranged along the skull, which allows the identification of disorders, such as BS. In addition to the EMG there is the use of electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, electro-oculogram and respiratory activity. PSG characterizes bruxism as abnormal continuous or intercalated peaks of temporo-massetric activity. During sleep, in normal individuals, physiologically, there are up to two mandibular movements per hour, but in the pathological state this happens four to twelve times an hour. Bruxism events occur mainly during light sleep (non-REM) and are usually associated with brief non-periodic body movements and micro-awakenings, which generate sleep fragmentation. It is believed that BS is one of the last events following brain and cardiac activations of micro arousers in response to respiratory obstruction. Conclusion: The aetiopathogenesis of BS is multifactorial, covering hereditary factors, disorders of the nervous system, micro-arousals, stress and anxiety. Thus the treatment is based on the signs and symptoms presented by the patients. Measures such as placement of stabilizing plaques, relaxation strategies and some drugs are proposed for therapy.