American Journal of Orthopedic Research and Reviews

We report in the light of a literature review the results of 10 patients followed for anterior instability of the gleno-humeral joint treated by open Latarjet procedure between January 2017 and December 2020 with a view to a prospective study with longer following up and a greater number of patients.

Knee replacement is a widely performed and very successful procedure for the management of knee arthritis. Nevertheless, it is postulated that a total of 2-5% of primary and revision total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) is infected every year [1,2]. Despite the low incidence, the absolute numbers of prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are growing, owing to an increased number of replacement surgeries, and are associated with significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden [3,4]. Although several definitions of PJI exist, Musculoskeletal Infection’s Society (MSIS) definition is based on strict criteria and is one of the most used [5]. Patients with certain risk factors have an increased risk to develop PJI [6,7]. Risk factors include presence of systemic or local active infection in an arthritic knee; previous operative procedures in the same knee, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption, co-morbidities, and immunosuppression; end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis, liver disease, intravenous drug abuse, and low safety operative room environment. PJIs are classified according to the depth of infection, to superficial and deep infections. Superficial infections are limited to the incision and superficial tissues, while deep infections, that involve deep layers, may occur up to one year postoperatively, and influence surgical management strategy. Timing of infection is also an important factor in guiding treatment. PJIs are classified to acute postoperative, within a month of the index procedure, acute haematogenous, presenting with acute symptoms in a previously well – functioning joint, and late chronic, where infection develops later than one month postoperatively [8]. Management of PJI’s is mainly surgical, reserving conservative treatment for patients unable to undergo surgery [9]. Surgical options include debridement and retention of the prosthetic implants (DAIR), two – stage exchange revision, single – stage exchange revision, permanent resection arthroplasty, and finally amputation as the last measure [10]. DAIR is a viable option in early…

Femoral neck fractures are common fractures in the elderly, especially in elderly women. There are many mature treatment methods for femoral neck fractures. However, which option is better is still controversial. In order to allow clinicians to better develop treatment plans for elderly patients with femoral neck fractures, this article summarizes the diagnosis and treatment status of elderly femoral neck fractures from the aspects of epidemiology, etiology and diagnosis, treatment methods and progress of elderly femoral neck fractures.

Background: Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) injuries are the most common in ankle torsional injuries. ATFL and peroneal tendons are both important stabilizers of lateral ankle joint. We aimed to evaluate peroneal tendons and ATFL. Methods: Fifteen nonpaired leg of fresh frozen cadavers were assessed in this study. After harvesting, ATFL diameters were measured at three points by calipers, these are fibular side, intermediate side and talar side. The mean of these three measurements were assessed and tissue a 15 lb load was applied to the peroneal tendons for 10 minutes, and the transverse diameters were measured by folding the thickest part of the tendon in a double-strand. Results: 5 single bundle, 8 double-bundle and 2 three bundles of ATFL were obtained after dissection. . There was no correlation between ATFL diameter, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis and total tendon diameters of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis in women (p> 0.05). A strong correlation was found between ATFL diameter, peroneus longus (r: 0.95), peroneus brevis (r: 0.81) and total tendon diameters of peroneus longus and peroneus brevis (r: 0.92) in men. Conclusion: Relationship between the diameter of the ATFL and peroneal tendons diameters were evaluated and a correlation was observed in males, while no correlation was observed in females.

A desmoid tumor (DT) was first described by MacFarlane in 1832. DTs are rare tumors, corresponding to only 0.03% of all neoplasia and less than 3% of all soft tissue tumors. Most of the tumors occur in the abdomen and presentation in the extremities is uncommon. Here, we present a review of the literature and the 27th case of DT of the foot.

Long lasting back pain due to degenerative disc disease is one of the major reasons for reduced quality of life and work incapacity. In some of these patients conservative treatment will not improve back pain significantly. Therefore fusion surgery as a surgical option is offered to these patients. The main aim of this kind of treatment is the reduction of segmental motion leading to an improvement in pain. Rigid fixation leads to high fusion rates but may also contribute to stress shielding and adjacent segment degeneration. Therefore a semi-rigid stabilization with PEEK rods may be an option because it is associated with less implant related rigidity and is a less invasive procedure. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the improvement in back pain after minimally invasive semi-rigid lumbar stabilization with screws and PEEK rods in 45 patients and to identify potential implant failures during a follow up of two years. Six weeks after surgery the patients showed a significant improvement in their back pain, which persisted during the whole observation time of two years (p

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disease of the bones that increases bone fragility due to decreased bone mass and bad quality of bone, leading to an increased risk of bone fracture. This disease affects all the bones, including femurs/pelvis, spine, forearms, ribs, mandible, and maxillary bone. Periodontitis is an inflammation of the tissue around the teeth that results from infections and leads to tooth loss due to attachment loss and destruction of the alveolar bones around the teeth. Apart from Periodontitis, does Osteoporosis also lead to tooth loss? The purpose of this article is to answer this question. An electronic search of English language literature was conducted through PubMed, Medline, and Google scholar. The articles were selected through their topics and contents regarding osteoporosis, periodontitis, and tooth loss. The selected articles included cross-sectional, cohort, and review studies. Osteoporosis and periodontitis are multifactorial diseases and recent studies revealed a positive relation between periodontal disease and osteoporosis. In summary, as well as osteoporosis has an indirect correlation with tooth loss by periodontitis, it also has a direct relationship with tooth loss by decreasing mandibular and maxillary alveolar bone density. Not only Tooth loss could occur due to periodontitis, but also it has many other reasons, which with nowadays researches osteoporosis counts as one of them. Due to the effect of osteoporosis in the reduction of BMD and its relationship with periodontitis, it can both directly and indirectly result in tooth loss. Further well-controlled researches are required to clarify the inter-relationship between osteoporosis and tooth loss.

The previous chronic instability of the knee is a secondary progressive disease in the break of the previous crossed ligament (LCA) hiring the functional forecast of the lower and compromising limb sports activity. The objective of our job is to assess the clinical results of the surgical treatment of the breaks of LCA according to the Technology of DIDT under arthroscopie with a femoral fixing by the system of the ultrabutton and to analyse the interest of this last in international series and magazine of literature We report a series of 17 patients who introduced a previous chronic laxity, performed by arthroplasty of the hamstrings tendon (right internal DIDT – half tendon) arthroscopy of ACL, collected over a period of 12 months. Femoral fixation was provided by the endobutton system. After a medium detachment of 8 months, and according to the score of objective International Knee Material Committee (IKDC) the total score of IKDC showed 91 % of our patients belonging to the group A, 7 % in the group B, 2 % to the group C and 0 % to the group D.

Subtalar dislocations are uncommon limb lesion representing 1% of all dislocations that occurs in polytraumatism context. We here report the case of a young patient presenting with sports-related internal astragalo-scapho-calcaneal dislocation. The patient underwent orthopedic treatment with good clinical and radiological outcome

Introduction: Fracture is a bone loss that can be discovered by pathological factors, congenital diseases, avitaminosis or even surgeries, and the cicatricial process as recovery of tissue stability. We have the possibility of assisting in the healing of the bone tissue of biochemical and biophysical modulators, from the use of hydroxyapathy, chitosone, ultrasound and cryotherapy. Objective: This literature review aimed to discuss the characteristics of bone tissue, its regeneration and the main biochemical and biophysical treatments without the use of auxiliary agents in the cicatricial process. Methodology: A research of data on PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Journal of Cell Science and the Ministério da saúde was done through the keywords “Bone healing”, “Modulators” and its components in Portuguese and English, in the last 10 years. 92 articles were found, with 43 articles selected. Results: According to the studies of literary bases, the biochemical and biochemical ones were constituted and are great auxiliaries in the cicatricial process of the bone tissue. Conclusion: Evidence in the literature has shown that modulators can reduce the time of regeneration of bone tissue.