Scientific Research and Essays

The Doppler effect of spectral lines in space is the change in the frequency of light emitted by an illuminated celestial body, which moves closer or farther away from the Earth in vacuum. A description of the change in light frequency is realized with the assumption that an illuminated celestial body in vacuum moves closer or farther away from the observer in vacuum. In this case, the propagation of light of the moving celestial body toward an observer also occurs in vacuum. Everywhere on Earth and in the surrounding space there is matter, so the choice of vacuum for the Doppler effect and the propagation of light from the moving celestial body toward the observer is not correct. From the observation of space as we know it, such as galaxies and stars, the area between the celestial bodies consists of a vacuum, but in some restricted spaces of the universe there is a transparent mass – gas, that moves at high speed against Earth. These spaces in universe filled by gas were called “intergalactic bubbles of gas” by astronomers. The propagation of light on the trajectory from an illuminated celestial body toward the observer takes place not only in a vacuum, but alternately also in the gases of intergalactic bubbles, respecting the laws of optics. The topic of the propagation of light in the universe is a very broad topic. For further information, please see reference [1], [2] and [3].

This study analyzed the fish market chain of Koka reservoir in Ethiopia which is found in Oromia Region, East shoa and Arsi zones. The objectives of the study were to assess the structure, conduct and performance of fish marketing as well as identify factors affecting fish market supply. The study was based on the data obtained from a sample of 104 fishers and 36 traders in the fish market chain. Both descriptive and econometric methods were employed to analyze the data. About 65% Tilapia (Coroso), 21% Catfish (Ambanza) and 14% Carp (Abasamuel) were the type of fish which dominantly appear in the day to day marketing activities of the fishers. The major determinant factors of market supply were estimated by using multiple linear regression models. The fish market performance was also measured using indicators of marketing margins. According to the results, there were three kinds of fish marketing channels i.e fishers to consumers, fishers to retailers then consumers, fishers to fishery cooperatives, wholesalers then consumers. The result showed that transportation and filleting costs were the largest costs of marketing followed by gutting cost. The price of a kilogram of filleted tilapia varied from 18 birr at landing site to 75 birr at Atiklt Tera in Addis Ababa. The Ordinary Least Square results indicated that education level, availability of credit facility and ownership of fishing license significantly affected the amount of fish supplied to market by fishers in the study area. Expanding adult education in fishery community, facilitating access to credit facility and encouraging fishers to be legal is very important for better harvesting and marketing of fish.

The present work aims to investigate the removal of Rhodamine B dye (RB) from aqueous solution by using adsorbents prepared from alum sludge (AS) and Mud sludge (MS) of drinking water treatment plant. The effect of dye concentration, contact time, pH, temperature and adsorbent dose on the dye removal was studied. The equilibrium adsorption data of RB dye on the developed adsorbents were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) Isotherms. The sorption data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum dye removal efficiency was observed at pH 7, contact time 90 min,and 0.1-0.25 gm dosage for both (AS) and (MS) adsorbents . Also, four kinetic models such as Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order, Intraparticle diffusion and Elovich models were tested to interpret the experimental data. The kinetic experimental data were fitted well to Pseudo-second order model.The thermodynamics parameters of adsorption system indicated spontaneous and endothermic process. Results indicate the effectiveness of the developed adsorbents for removing RB dye.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent for tuberculosis, has been comprehensively studied for over a century now. But the disease still remains a major public health concern today in the 21st century. The precised and authenticated diagnosis is mandatorily pre-requisite to proper medication and cure of tuberculosis that specifically interferes and thus complicating physiological and biochemical mechanism of setting pregnancy in Indian women ranging between the age of 18-40 years. Various combinations of conventional and modern diagnostic tools were considered and monitored for the best possible option. Data obtained from the present study provides new insights into PCR with modified and advanced protocol likely to be competent as a novel molecular diagnostic technique for rapid and précised diagnosis of genital tuberculosis causing infertility in developing countries.

The paper describes the direct measurement of the absolute index of refraction of air double-Michel son interferometer without knowing parameters of the air, namely, pressure, temperature and chemical composition of the air. The direct measurement and the calculation of absolute index of refraction of air double Michelson interferometer is used as the applicable laws of optics.

The analysis of time series is based on the assumption that successive values in the data file represent consecutive measurements taken at equally spaced time intervals. There are two main goals of time series analysis: (a) identifying the nature of the phenomenon represented by the sequence of observations, and (b) forecasting or predicting future values of the time series variable. Both of these goals require that the pattern of observed time series data is identified and more or less formally described. Once the pattern is established, one can interpret and integrate it with other data (i.e., Use it in the theory of the investigated phenomenon, e.g., Seasonal commodity prices). Regardless of the depth of one’s understanding and the validity of our interpretation (theory) of the phenomenon, one can extrapolate the identified pattern to predict future events. This paper discusses about how to analyze time series data, what are its goals, types of time series data, and models available to analyze time series data.