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Objectives. Age inside is a type of self-reported, subjective age, that is unconstrained by years lived or physical health. The goal of this study was to explore: 1. How age inside is described and whether there is a relationship between age inside and chronological age; 2. Whether gender, income adequacy and education level associated with age inside or age inside perception; 3. Whether the associated variables be used to predict age inside and age inside perception as the dependent variables, in separate regression models. Method. Using a cross-sectional design, the data was collected via an online or in person questionnaire. Recruitment was done through doctor’s offices and seniors centres, as well as word-of-mouth utilizing a non-probability, purposive, sampling method along with snowball sampling. Results. Participants were 66 adults aged 65–90 years, (mage = 73 years, SD = 6.5) all of whom reported at least one illness. The majority of participants identified an age inside of 20 to 40 years less than their chronological age (mAI = 51 years, SD = 14.9). Gender (not sex) and self-reported health were associated with age inside. Conclusion. Age inside may explain mid and later life purchases such as sailboats, and sports cars, new hobbies and new loves. With a youthful age inside, the older adult may be more interested in risk taking and radical changes than fitting into stereotypical elder roles and as such, may cause confusion and frustration for loved ones and health practitioners. Age inside has clinical value and could help explain some older adults’ lack of compliance with medical directives due to the attitude ‘they are for old people, I’m not old’. By acknowledging that the chronological age may not be reflective of the age of the person inside, policy makers and/or service providers might take a step back from programs…

Twenty lactating Friesian cows and 20 lactating buffaloes with an average live body weight of 500 kg at 2-5 lactation seasonsafter the peak of lactation (60 days from parturition). Animals were fed summer rationconsisted of 40% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 40% corn silage (CS) + 20% rice straw (RS) (10 cows and 10 buffaloes) and winter ration consisted of 40% CFM + 40% fresh berseem (FB) + 20% RS (on DM basis) (10 cows and 10 buffaloes).Milk samples were taken from each cow and buffalo three times biweekly and prepared for minerals determination. The contents of Ca, K, Zn, Mn and Fe were higher in fresh berseem, while the contents of P, Mg, Na and Cu were higher in concentrate feed mixture, however, the lower contents of all minerals were detected in corn silage and rice straw. The contents and intake of all minerals were higher in winter ration containing fresh berseem than summer ration containing corn silage. The excretion of all minerals in feces and urine as well as absorption and retention increased significantly (P

A review was made to highlight various research works done so far regarding to the introduction, distribution and managements of fall army worm in Africa. It has been reported that the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is an economically important pest native to tropical and subtropical America has recently invaded Africa there by causing substantial damage to maize and other crops. Accordingly, signals increased negative impacts on agricultural production and food security on the continent. Reports also suggested that this pest has already moved to at least 30 African countries. It was first detected in Central and Western Africa in early 2016 (Sao Tome and Principe, Nigeria, Benin and Togo) and from there proceeded further. Currently, in Africa the pest is causing huge damage to maize crop and has been estimated to 25-67% for maize in many countries. African continent provides favorable climatic conditions for a constant reproduction of the pest, which is expected to result in severe damage to high priority crops. Various control methods, including cultural, chemical and mechanical have been adopted and practiced by farmers in many African countries. Large-scale eradication efforts are neither appropriate nor feasible. Thus, in near future gathering and analyzing experiences and best practices from other countries where the pest is native will help to design and test a sustainable fall armyworm management program for smallholders in Africa. Furthermore, in order to reduce negative impacts associated with inappropriate usage of insecticide, emphasize should be given to develop or adopt the management practices which is environmentally safe.

Rice is considered as one of the monumental sources of human energy in Bangladesh. It can be stated that a vital element by which agronomic sector has been earned most of the quantity of profits for national development in this country is rice. This study covers the data of rice including the time from1972 to 2016 has been collected from secondary sources of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Different statistical tools have been used to complete the analysis. The analysis exposes that the area, production and yield of rice have improved meaningfully. Despite the production has been increased, It is not enough to full fill the shortage of the country. Therefore, advance research in this sector should be conducted with the assistance of researchers, government and policy makers. By this way new ideas and findings could be generated in order to improve the growth of rice.

Fruits are essential components of modern diet. Fruit nutrients provide important benefits to human in various ways for better health. Phytochemicals in fruit vary in quality and quantity depending mainly on fruit species and cultivar. Additionally, these phytonutrients can also be affected by different environmental factors including atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature. The current changes and the continuous anticipated increase in the CO2 concentrations and temperature in the atmosphere has become a major challenge in crop production. The literature is rich with investigations of individual and combination effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth, development and yield of plants, including fruits. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the impacts of elevated CO2 and high temperature individually and interactively on nutritional quality of fruits. According to the reviewed literature, both elevated CO2 and temperature significantly influenced fruit nutrient content and availability. Elevated CO2 is expected to affect positively the fruits nutrient content, while mixed responses found for high temperature. Interaction effects of these factors are the most important since they are predicted to increase concomitantly. With available literature, the combination impact of these factors on fruit nutrients was discussed under three different hypotheses in this review. (1) high temperature may offset the positive effects of elevated CO2, (2) elevated CO2 would compensate for the negative effects of high temperature and (3) interactively, both elevated CO2 and temperature may increase or decrease the phytonutrients in fruits.

Introduction and Objective Postoperative hyponatraemia (HN) causes serious morbidity and mortality, of which the transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) syndrome is a unique model. It is an illusive puzzle with unclear definition, unknown aetiology, difficult diagnosis and disputed therapy. Clinical presentation ranges from prodromal symptoms to severe signs of circulatory shock and multiple vital organ dysfunction/ failure (MVOD/F) or death. All severe cases were reported retrospectively and attributed to multiple toxic/ dilution hypotheses interchangeably with recognized clinical conditions. The overlooked VO/T causes dynamic HN nadirs and masks making it a complex clinical/biochemical jigsaw puzzle with false and missing pieces. The objective here is to resolve this puzzle. Patients and Methods: Investigations based on clinical observations, critical literature analysis, physics-physiological and clinical prospective studies done over the past 32 years. Observations and deductive analysis identified VO/T insult, HN nadirs, clinical paradoxical masks of shock and MVOD/F. Documented evidence provided correct puzzle pieces and stepping-stones that led to new understanding, rejecting false and discovering missing ones. Prospective studies verified and quantified VO/T insult causing secondary, tertiary HN nadirs and osmotic gaps. Severity depends on VO over T and fluid type of sodium-free (VO1) and sodium-based (VO2) fluids and tonicity as well as patient’s variables of body weight and hormones. The results of all prospective studies on VO, HN nadirs, and clinical severity grades have contributed to resolving the puzzle that is impossible to resolve using a single prospective study. Results: “VO over T” causes the biochemical and clinical features of HN and the TURP syndrome. Dilutional HN “shock” and “VO” concepts were reported 45 and 11 years ago but VO insult remained invisible. The puzzle was resolved after unraveling the dynamic role of T in HN nadirs, discovering missing pieces and refuting unduly incriminated dilutional and toxic hypotheses. 3.5l of VO1…

Introduction: There is a dearth of data on effectiveness-assessment of community interventions regarding the adherence improvement among children with epilepsy (CWE) in outreach financially-poor settings. This study was therefore designed to determine impact of integration of childhood epilepsy into primary care to improve the level of adherence to antiepileptic drugs and the factors that are associated with non adherence. Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of interventions through free community childhood epilepsy center aimed at improving adherence to antiepileptic medication in CWE in an outreach financially constrained district. Methods: During this interventional study, 240 children (160 children being treated and followed in the free community primary care childhood epilepsy center and 80 children not being treated at this center) aged 4 months to 18years, diagnosed with epilepsy and treatment initiated with at least 1 AED for the past 3 months, were selected for data collection. The childhood epilepsy camps were held at local community centres provided open access, and no user fees or charges for medication were made. Local physicians, who were provided with special training and visiting paediatric neurology fellows carried out screening to help the three visiting paediatric neurologists confirming the diagnoses for data collection. Data was collected by a questionnaire divided into three parts: 1) demographical information about patients 2) information about medication adherence profile using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8), and 3) data on intervention-effectiveness of the community childhood epilepsy center (CCEC) on antiepileptic drug adherence. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee. Results: Among the 240 children and adolescents with epilepsy who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 160 (66.6%) reported seeking treatment from TDBUCEC and 80 (33.4%) were seeking AED(s) from other sources. Age range was 04 months – 18 years while male to female ratio was 1.26:1. Adherence to…

Elderly falls are a healthcare epidemic. We aimed to identify risk factors of serious falls by linking data on functional status from the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW) and our institutional trauma registry. 124 of 5,091 local women enrolled in GLOW were evaluated by our trauma team for injuries related to a fall during the study period. Median injury severity score was 9. The most common injuries were intertrochanteric femur fracture (n = 25, 9.8%) and skin contusion/hematoma to face (n = 12, 4.7%). Injured women were older than the uninjured cohort (median 80 versus 68 years), more likely to have cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis, and less likely to have high cholesterol. Prospectively collected Short Form 36 (SF-36) baseline activity status revealed greater limitation in all assessed activities in women evaluated for fall-related injuries in our trauma center. In multivariable analysis, age (per 10 year increase) and two or more self-reported falls in the baseline survey were the strongest predictors of falling (both HR 2.4, p

Breast cancer (BC) is known as the leading cause of dead in women through worldwide including Vietnam. Recently, mitochondrial genome mutations concerned to breast cancer has been screened in order to propose new potential biomarkers. The SNP rs2853826 located at 10398-nucleotide position within the NADH-dehydrogenase3 has been demonstrated to be associated with BC in populations such as Malaysian, Northern Indian, Poland, Banglasdesh, African-American, Eropean-American, but Vietnam. Thus, rs2853826 was selected as the candidate SNP for investigation in Vietnamese population. In this study, the High Resolution Melting method is optimized for genotyping 100/100 cases/controls samples, then determined the association between this SNP and the disease. The genotyping results revealed SNP rs2853826 has high polymorphism with the minor allele frequency, G allele, was 17.2%. risk allele G was 17.2 %. The association result between rs2853826 and BC revealed that G allele tend to increases risk of BC among Vietnamese when comparing A allele (OR[95%CI]=1.224[0.818-1.832]); and homozygote and heterozygote model also showed this trend when compared to dominant model. Since the p-values were larger 0.05 (p=0.326), our results only show a trend correlation rather than a significant association between SNP rs2853826 and BC risk. However, the reliability of this association analysis result is low (7.57%), so this research needs to be conducted with a larger sample size to reach the greater power (>90%) for therelation.

Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is a clinical syndrome that mainly affects the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints (TMJ). The manual palpation is the most used clinical method to evaluate the muscle pain and is considered an important part of the clinical examination. The pressure algometry is used to verify the initial threshold of myofascial pain perception in the temporomandibular disorder. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the pain threshold change in patients with muscle-type TMD before and after the conservative treatment. Twenty seven volunteers were screened according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC/TMD), and 14 had muscle TMD and 13 with absence of TMD (control group). Measurements were taken with the pressure algometer in every patient in temporal and masseter muscles in order to quantify the response to the patient painful stimulus. After the proposed treatment the patient was scheduled to return in 7,14, 28 and 56 days. Therefore, it resulted in 18 patients for the study. The algometer comparison between the groups treated before and after the care, showed an initial value (in KgF) of 0.827 ± 0.405 and final of 1.416 ± 0.745, p