Recent Articles

Introduction: Due to the increased aging, growing chronic and degenerative diseases. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, which is caused by the degeneration of substantia nigra cells. The main signs of PD are tremor at rest, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, idle and commitment in postural control and balance. Being frequent the use of technology applied to rehabilitation, one of them is virtual reality (VR), which stimulates the movement of the whole body by means of computer-based games, in order to recreate and enhance the sense of reality to the player with interactive games. The RV not immersive, the player interacts with the game, but it has the feeling of being in the real world by using, for example, joystick or common screen uses more interfaces for Nitendo Wii or Microsoft KinectTM, to assist in the rehabilitation of elderly people with PD. Objectives: To conduct a literature review on the effects of RV in the rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: A literature review was performed from items available in Scielo databases, PubMed, Lilacs, Medline in August 2017, selecting articles published from 2012 to 2017. Results and Discussion: Initially found 85 studies with the theme proposal, among them, 77 were excluded according to the exclusion criteria. Selecting articles 8, 4 case studies and literature reviews 4. Results report that RV helps increase the speed and movement time, gait, balance, postural control and reduction of falls. Conclusion: RV helps enhance the physiotherapeutic treatment both in motor control, functionality, balance, and cognitive ability on account of the treatment be playful and need concentration, but still needs more scientific studies with methodological qualities to confirm the results of the RV in rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease.

Introdution: Usnic acid, a hydrophobic lichen metabolite, has been highlighted in the literature with several biological activities, such as: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, gastroprotective, antitumor and cicatrizant. Despite the fact that the usnic acid presents several biological activities, its use as a therapeutic agent has not yet been possible due to its inconvenient physico-chemical properties, such as low solubility, toxicity and difficult interaction with biological barriers. Thus, the incorporation of the usnic acid (UA) in controlled release systems, such as microparticles, can reduce the toxicity of this compound and make it a viable alternative for therapeutic application. Objective: To analyze the properties of poly-ε-caprolactone microspheres incorporated with usnic acid on the histomorphometry of the renal corpuscles of Swiss mice submitted to the acute toxicity test. Methodology: The groups treated with vehicle (0.9% NaCl and 5% cremophor), usnic acid (2000, 300 and 50 mg/kg) and microspheres incorporated with usnic acid (UA-Micro) in the dose of 2000 mg/kg were subjected to the acute toxicity test according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD – Guideline, 423). Fragments of renal tissue were removed for preparation of histological slides, subsequently stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. The morphometric analysis of renal capsule diameters was performed using the IMAGE software from the photomicrographs (final magnification 790 μm). Statistical analysis of the renal capsule diameters was performed using Variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey test. Results and Discussion: Treatment with UA-Micro (2000 mg/kg) and UA (50 mg/kg) did not show histomorphometric changes in the glomerular capsule, but treatments with UA (2000 and 300 mg/kg) caused histomorphometric changes in the glomerular capsule (**** p

Introduction: Phenylketonuria is a hereditary disease characterized by the absence of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which converts the amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. Phenylalanine, accumulates in the body, and confers toxicity mainly to the central nervous system. Diagnosis, as well as early treatment is essential for the child to develop normally. Objective: To describe the diagnosis and treatment of phenylketonuric patients. Methodology: A review of the literature was conducted through articles published in journals indexed in the Scielo and PubMed databases, In the Portuguese language, in the last 8 years, using the descriptors: diagnosis, phenylketonuria, treatment. Results and Discussion: The diagnosis of phenylketonuria is made through neonatal screening, foot test, where the concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine are identified. When phenylalanine levels are elevated and tyrosine levels are low, the diagnosis of the disease is proven. When performed early, the diagnosis and consequently the start of treatment, can prevent the irreversible neurological damage that high doses of phenylalanine cause in patients. The recommended treatment is still a restricted diet of phenylalanine, with the use of a diet with low intake of phenylalanine in the child’s diet, in the first month of life, can significantly prevent mental retardation. That is, a feed free of foods containing phenylalanine protein, such as food of animal origin (meats and their derivatives) vegetable origin (legumes and oilseeds) and sweeteners and / or foods containing aspartame. The greatest difficulty in the elaboration of these diets is to meet the nutritional needs of the patient so that it has its full development. Conclusion: Early diagnosis along with adequate treatment will allow the patient with phenylketonuria to develop and grow optimally. The monitoring of the nutritionist and the physician, is of paramount importance to minimize the adverse effects resulting from the accumulation of phenylalanine.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to a deficiency or decrease of insulin, causing metabolic disorders of carbohydrates, water, electrolytes, lipids and proteins, this affects the pancreatic function until the rupture of insulin production. This disease may manifest itself in pregnancy (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or GDM), when a degree of glucose tolerance is observed, bringing various risks to the mother and fetus. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the main causes of Gestacional diabetes, analyzing the complications of GDM, and the main treatments. Methods: Review of published researches from 2010 to 2017 in the Google Scholar, Scielo and Bireme databases, using the descriptors Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Results: The causes of gestational diabetes mellitus are mainly related to weight gain, family history, and occurrence of the disease during another pregnancy and it may cause damage such as premature rupture of membranes, pre-eclampsia, premature birth and hypertension. The fetus can develop hypocligemia, macrosomia, respiratory disorders, electrolyte disturbances, cardiomyopathy, neonatal asphyxia, among other complications. In the most recommended treatments, it is important to improve the lifestyle of the pregnant woman, and the drug treatment with oral anti-hyperglycemic agents as metformin and glibenclamide, or Insulin therapy, and according to the studies, the most efficient are the insulins glargine, aspart, regular and lispro. Discussion: The change in quality of life refers to the adoption of balanced diet and physical activity being the first treatment option for GDM, if this does not help controlling the glycemic levels, the drug therapy must be used. Conclusion: It is of great importance to be aware of the risks caused in gestational diabetes during the planning of a pregnancy, with emphasis on changing habits of life and weight control and monitoring of health professionals, preventing this and other diseases.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered one of the most frequent diseases. Diabetic patients are very concerned about general health changes and early or late complications that this chronic disease can bring. Health education, associated with health promotion strategies, contribute to social development and promote quality of life, an important tool to reduce the complications and mortality of diabetics. The active participation of the patient in the management of changes in habits and behaviors will lead to progress in reducing the risks related to the disease. Objective: Describe health education and self-care strategies for patients with primary care Diabetes and early detection for penile cancer. Methodology: Narrative bibliographic review using electronic database Science Direct, with the keywords: self-care + “diabetes mellitus” + “healtheducation”. The original articles published in the last five years were evaluated. Results and Discussion: DM is an asymptomatic disease, which mainly affects people older than 40 years, systemic, and can damage several organs, causing complications including: kidney failure, blindness, stroke, amputation of limbs, among others. Lack of information promotes neglect of health education, in accordance with the self-control of blood glucose levels, physical activity and diet, contributes to the improvement of the quality of life. Acceptance of the situation, understanding of the disease and discipline to follow the multidisciplinary treatment are fundamental for the early diagnosis and control of DM. Conclusion: It is important to make routine medical appointments for the early diagnosis and control of DM, coupled with a healthy lifestyle and issues related to self-care so that the complications associated with this disease develop.

Introduction:Fungal infections have become more frequent in recent years, and are more prevalent in patients with underlying diseases that compromise the immune system and predispose to other risk factors, such as invasive devices and the use of antibacterials. The etiological agents of these mycoses are dermatophyte filamentous fungi, non-dermatophyte filamentous fungi (FFND) and yeasts. Objectives: To demonstrate the importance of observing the clinical aspects of lesions suggestive of mycosis, as well as the direct mycological examination in the presumptive diagnosis of superficial mycoses in patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Hospital University (HU) located in Petrolina- PE. Methods: Patients who were admitted to the UHU from March to May 2016, after ethical procedures, were analyzed for suspicion of superficial mycoses and the respective clinical samples were collected and processed for direct examination through clarification with 30% potassium hydroxide (KOH). Results and Discussion: The mean age of the patients was 39.4, ranging from 24 to 68 years and an average length of hospital stay of 15.1 days. None of the patients were on antifungal use. Of 23 patients, 10 presented lesions characteristic of nail mycoses, 4 presented lesions characteristic of tinea corporis. Of the 10 nail mycosis suspicions, 4 cases were confirmed. The toenails went to the most affected areas. The use of closed shoes and even vascular impairment in the lower limb are considered as the primary factors predisposing to the development of such an infection. Conclusion: The simple observation of the clinical aspects and the direct mycological examination in lesions suspected of fungal infections are important to identify possible outbreaks of systemic infections, as well as being a quick and low cost diagnostic method, making it possible to handle patients quickly with a nail disorder.

Introduction: Advanced airway management occupies an important place in the care of trauma patients. Its relevance is much more valued today than in the past. Maintaining a patent airway and providing adequate ventilation, when necessary, are relevant procedures in reducing brain injury as well as increasing the likelihood of a good prognosis. Objective: The objective of this research is to find evidence in the scientific literature about the maintenance of advanced airways in prehospital care. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the literature. The articles search was carried out in June 2017 in the following databases: Scielo, PubMed and Portal Capes. Articles from the last ten years were selected, and the following descriptors were used: Emergency Medical Services; Oxygen; Ventilation. Results and Discussion: 6 articles were found, 3 in Portuguese, 2 in English and 1 in Spanish. The most recent article was of 2013. In regard to the maintenance of advanced airways, there are three types of definitive airway: orotracheal tube, nasotracheal tube, and surgical airway (cricothyroididotomy or tracheostomy), the latter being used only in the in-hospital service. Endotracheal intubation is indicated for patients with lowering in the level of consciousness, presenting scores lower than 8 in the Glasgow Coma Scale. It is a technique that must be performed sterile, and most of the time in the APH this is not possible. Both techniques are safe when performed properly. Oxygen should be administered with caution and the patient monitored constantly with pulse oximetry and respiratory rate. Conclusion: The results found to date show that there are not many scientific evidence-based reports that outline how airway maintenance should be done in APH, pointing to the need for further studies in the area.

Introduction:The growing microbial resistance of the various drugs circulating in the market, stimulated by the indiscriminate and irrational use of drugs, demand the development of new therapeutic options that could derail this situation.Thus, the investigation of new bioactive compounds in medicinal plants with antimicrobial action in folk medicine, presents itself as an expressive source for the discovery of new substances that contribute to the minimization of this reality, considering the range of contributions of medicinal plants in the treatment of several inflammatory and infectious diseases in traditional medicine throughout the generations in the communities that hold this knowledge.Among the plant species for medicinal use, Hymenaea courbaril, popularly known as jatobá, stands out for a variety of therapeutic uses, such as in the treatment of diarrhea, intestinal cramps, cystitis, cough, bronchitis and asthma. Objetives: Based on the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Hymenaea courbaril poop on Escherichia coli isolates.To prepare the extracts, the shells of the species were immersed in ethanol solution to extract their active and rotavaporated principles. The antibacterial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method in Muller Hinton agar, evaluating the antibacterial potential by measuring in millimeters (mm) the bacterial inhibition halos formed in Petri dishes.The assays were performed in triplicate, using two concentrations of ethanolic extracts, 25 mg and 50 mg. Results and discussion: The mean inhibition halo at the concentrations evaluated were, respectively, 8 mm and 9.7 mm. The medicinal species showed good potential of antibacterial application against the species of microorganism researched, proving to be a promising candidate in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by this microorganism, being necessary, however, to carry out tests with a more expressive number of concentrations for deepening of the microorganism study.

Introduction: Intestinal parasitism is still one of the most serious public health problems in Brazil, with school age children being the most affected, becoming lethal in many cases due to secondary diseases caused by parasitism. Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence of intestinal protozoa in students of a public day-care center located in the neighborhood of Várzea in Recife City of the State of Pernambuco between the years 2015 and 2017. Methodology: The research was carried out after the authorization of parents and / or guardians of children, after signing the informed consent form with the delivery of fecal samples. Protozoan research was carried out at the Parasitology Laboratory of the Tropical Medicine Department of UFPE, using the methods of Hoffman, Kinyoun for microscopy of Cryptosporidium spp and the method of direct examination for the microscopic analysis of the other protozooses. Results and Discussion: In the years 2015 and 2017 parasitological research involved a total of 30 and 33 children, with a positivity for 20% (6/30) and 21% (7/33) protozoa, respectively. Among the protozoonoses, the highest positivity in the year 2015 was for Cryptosporidium spp, where 67% (4/6) presented a positive sample, followed by Endolimax nana, where 33% (2/6) were diagnosed positively. On the other hand, the most frequent parasites in 2017 were Giardia lamblia, where 71% (5/7) of the children showed positivity and Cryptosporidium spp with 29% (2/7) of positive samples. Conclusion: When comparing the level of contamination of children by protozoa in the years 2015 and 2017, we observed that parasitism was maintained within the school environment, possibly due to the poor hygiene conditions of the nursery and / or the way some household environment.

Introduction: Cryptosporidiosis mainly affects immunocompromised individuals, and co-infection with other associated parasites is frequent. Infection can cause severe diarrhea in children. Transmission occurs through interpersonal contact, zoonotic transmission, ingestion of contaminated water and food. Objectives: Analyzing the occurrence of enteroparasites in children of a school in the city of Recife in the State of Pernambuco, nutritional status by children and feces consistency. Methodology: Data and fecal samples were collected between May 2015 and January 2016. Nutritional analysis was performed according to SISVAN guidelines. Coproparasitological analysis employed the modified Lutz and Kinyoun methods. Results and Discussion: Our data showed that from 152 analyzed children, 32/152 (21%) had positivity for Cryptosporidium spp. By them, 10/32 (31.3%) presented polyparasitism, being 40% 4/10) positive for Endolimax nana, 20% (2/10) for Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar, 20% (2/10) for Giardia lamblia, 20% (2/10) for Entamoeba coli and 20% 10) for Ascaris lumbricoides (with up to three associated parasites). Nascimento et. al., 2009 verified a positivity of 32.4% for Cryptosporidium spp, confirming that there was no reduction of the cases in the northeastern region of Brazil. Cryptosporidium spp contamination was observed in 22/32 (68.8%) diarrheal stools and 10/32 (31.2%) in the solid consistency stools assuming that there is intense elimination of oocysts in the diarrheal stools. Among children positive for cryptosporidiosis, 12/32 (37.5%) had some kind of nutritional disorders, being 6.3% underweight and 31.2% overweight, implying a possible association between this infection and cases of malnutrition child. Conclusion: Our study showed that school-aged children are highly susceptible to enteroparasites, requiring greater attention in relation to their nutrition to avoid nutritional disorders, as well as observing fecal consistency. Measures of basic sanitation and sanitary education would be efficient tools suggestive in the fight against the parasitoses.