Recent Articles

According to Nóbrega and Minervino (2011) , language is a corticocerebral func-tion that develops based on the environment and stimuli to which individuals are ex-posed, as well as being a vehicle of communication, since language allows to establish in-terpersonal relationships. Since childhood, people use some form of human communication, which is not composed solely by the use of words and phrases. Language development begins through the contact of babies with other people, through crying, looking, gestures, interaction be-tween mother and child, among other forms of communication and interaction. Thus, adults play a crucial role during this period by establishing a channel of affection and communication with the child, since adults are responsible for intermediating the baby’s relations with the world, through how they communicates with the child (AMORIM et al., 2012) . Based on this principle, Carvalho (2015) reports that the early years are an essen-tial period for the development of language skills, as many factors influence the language acquisition and development, such as: innate biological conditions; affection; cognitive, memory, organic-functional skills and the contexts in which the child is inserted. All children follow similar steps in the language development process, although it is susceptible to variations caused by some factors, such as: biological; psychological and social/environmental factors. In addition, an imbalance of these factors may slow this process, thus causing a language delay. Giacheti and Lindau (2016) explain that language delay is not associated with organic disorders or any other developmental problem, whether intellectual disability or genetic syndromes, since this is a transient condition in which in most cases is due to lack of family stimulation.

Local categorization of illness and disease can form insight on the understanding of people’s behaviour and attitudes towards microbial infections and how such implicates Coronavirus and disease COVID-19. Relying on data generated through rapid research approach in some Yorùbá cities of southwestern Nigeria, where phoning, WhatsApp, Facebook, quick in-depth interviews, ethnobotanical survey/analysis of some anti-microbial herbs and case analysis were held. The study reveals local understanding of microbial infection and the opposing and contrasting perceptions of COVID-19, which informs different regimes of care and prevention. Such includes non-categorization of microbial infections into viral, bacterial and fungi; biomedical against preternatural causation and utilization of local herbs versus globalised western health care strategies. The study therefore suggests that within the context of globalised health culture accommodation of local traditions is imperative in proper understanding and invention of care and preventive strategies against COVID-19.

Fever is the sole symptomatic measurement modality for Covid-19 screening which could be implemented easily all over the globe in with optimal utilization of resources. Being easy economical and easily reproducible, this has a potential to be a gold standard as well as simplicity of the procedure could help in its monitoring by patients itself and would operate an important element of patient involvement in treatment and would help in adherence in countries where health care staff are short and patient burden is high. This protocol will extend helping hands to health care worker and will involve patient participation in the treatment also.

This corona disease was mentioned in Indian mythology a few thousand years ago, the article are explained the corona virus features, how it spreads, where and how to control it, mentioned Indian epics.

This article addresses the complex relations between the expansion of multinationals and economic nationalism in Southern Europe during a period of industrial crisis, growing economic integration and intense technological change, all amidst a notable alteration of the regulatory framework. The paper focuses on the process of global restructuring of the telecommunications industry in the two final decades of the 20th century and the first years of the new millennium. The period encompasses the transition from an industry based on the close linkage, if not strict integration, between the monopoly of the telephone service and the national telecommunication equipment industry. Methodologically, it is based on a case study – that of the International Telecommunication and Electronics Company -, on an interdisciplinary approach and on varied sources. The article reveals the factors behind the transformation of a vertically integrated company into one that outsourced its production before being engulfed by the globalized economy. It also highlights the role of international markets and, more specifically, the Latin American market.

Introduction and objectives: PSA has been a useful tool in identifying prostate cancer since its discovery. However relying on this alone can lead to unnecessary over investigation as it can be falsely raised in other conditions. PSA density is a possible enhanced marker for prostate biopsy indication, however it is not standard practice or recommended in national guidelines. Previous studies have shown that PSA density is most useful when the PSA is in the range of 4-10. We aim to study the effectiveness of PSA density at detecting prostate cancer within that range as well as outside that range. Methods: Retrospective single centre study at Peterborough City Hospital including 500 patients who had a MRI prior to prostate biopsy between July 2017 to July 2018. Patients undergoing repeat biopsy already on a cancer pathway were excluded. PSA density was calculated by dividing PSA from the prostate volume recorded on the MRI. A cut of value of PSA density was chosen at 0.15 and 0.10. Results: Data from 500 patients with a mean age of 65 and mean PSA of 10.7 (PSA range 0.32 to 99). 251 (50.2%) patients had cancer on histology with 152 having clinically significant cancer. Mean PSA density was 0.11ng/ml/cm3 with benign histology, 0.36ng/ml/cm3 for all cancer and 0.48ng/ml/cm3 for clinically significant cancer. Overall the mean PSA density in prostate cancer was found to be 0.15. Sensitivity of PSAD at detecting all prostate cancer at cutoff of 0.10 with PSA 4-10 was 76% and 88% for clinically significant prostate cancer (Gleason 7>). The negative predictive value was 94% for clinically significant prostate cancer. With PSA of 10 and PSA density of 0.10 the sensitivity was 93% (all cancer) and 96.6% (Gleason 7>) with a negative predictive value of 93.7% for clinically significant prostate cancer. At a cut…

Solitary Plasmacytoma is a rare entity which accounts for < 5% of all plasma cell dyscrasias. Most commonly involved sites for solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma are head and neck (90 %) especially upper respiratory tract, followed by Gastrointestinal tract. Rarely it can involve testes, bladder and orbit. PET/CT provides an invaluable imaging support for initial evaluation of additional plasmacytomas and response to treatment. There are no randomized trials regarding the best treatment approach. Generally, radiotherapy remains treatment of choice of solitary plasmacytoma. Our case, with its rare site of occurrence along with patient’s history of radiotherapy treated prostate malignancy and significant history of radiation cystitis provides a unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Treatment can be personalised in cases such as this, where patients can be treated with chemotherapy in contrary to radiotherapy as further exposure to the radiations could exacerbate the bleeding risks.

The emergent need to treat COVID-19 patient must be tempered with safe use of drugs. The guideline set forth provides parameters for dosing and monitoring hydroxychloroquine in this population, reducing the occurrence of adverse effects and improving overall pharmacotherapy.

Background: Although mucinous carcinoma or mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thyroid gland are an extremely rare but an established entity, papillary thyroidal carcinoma (PTC) with mucin production is also exceedingly rare. Case report: We reported one rare case of mucin producing PTC with unusual histology. The patient was 71 years-old Japanese man. The hemi-thyroidectomy was performed. Histologically, the tumor cells harbored the similar features with conventional PTC, but this case indicated extracellular and intracellular mucin. On the other hand, the tumor showed cystic-papillary or cribriform growth of the columnar tumor cells. Conclusions: We diagnosed it as mucin-producing PTC with columnar cell variant (CCV). We examined it immunohistochemically, and this case expressed TTF-1, thyroglobulin, and cytokeratin (CK)7, but was negative for HBME-1. We discuss on the differential diagnosis.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common but underdiagnosed cause of morbidity in adolescent females. Associated thrombocytopenia is rare, but resolves when the anemia is treated with iron supplementation. Menorrhagia is an important cause in the multifactorial etiology and may be familial. This article presents a case of severe anemia and thrombocytopenia in the presence of iron deficiency due to menorrhagia. A holistic approach to IDA is discussed with an approach to the management thereof in adolescent females.