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International Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy

Addiction Research and Therapy, Hot Articles

Vaping among College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Research Article of International Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy Vaping among College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic Dana George EL Hajj, Anastasiya V Ferrell, Linda Haddad, Matthew J Peterson, Joanmarie Lewandowski, Marc George Chelala, Elham Ebrahimi University of North Carolina Wilmington Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), created a global pandemic that has changed many aspects of life. Because of respiratory implications, it is interesting to investigate the impact of the pandemic and its effects on the usage of tobacco products including vaping. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of vaping among college students as well as their perceptions and knowledge of risks associated with tobacco use, primarily vaping. The investigators are interested in determining associations of vaping with demographics and use of alcohol and smoking, and “Intention to vape” products amid the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey of 353 students attending University of North Carolina in Wilmington was carried out. The study results showed about 43% and 67% reported ever using cigarettes and vaping products, respectively. Of the respondents, 25% reported current dual use (e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes). About 55% of respondents maintained they would probably or definitely not use e-cigarettes either pre- or post-COVID-19. There was, however, a slight decline (3.7%) in those reporting they would definitely use e-cigarettes post-COVID-19 vs. pre-COVID-19. The high prevalence of vaping (39.5%) during the pandemic among university students in our study warrants increased efforts to address this problem on a national level. Keywords: Electronic cigarette, Vaping, Tobacco, COVID-19, Dual use ...
Addiction Research and Therapy, Hot Articles

Prevalence and Correlates of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Comparison Between English-Speaking and Chinese-Speaking Adult Gamers

Research Article of International Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy Prevalence and Correlates of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Comparison Between English-Speaking and Chinese-Speaking Adult Gamers Zi Lian1*, Miguel Torez1, Barbara C. Wallace1, Robert E. Fullilove2 1Center for Health Equity & Urban Science Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; 2Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA Objectives: Studies have suggested that the prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is higher among Asian populations. This study compared the prevalence and severity of IGD between English-speaking gamers and Chinese-speaking gamers. Correlates of IGD were investigated in the global sample. Methods: A total of 101 English-speaking gamers and 130 Chinese-speaking gamers were recruited via a social marketing campaign and participated in an online questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of IGD was 0.0% and 0.8%, respectively, among English-speaking gamers and Chinese-speaking gamers. Chinese-speaking gamers were more likely to deceive family members, therapists, or others because of the amount of gaming activity, and were more likely to have jeopardized or lost an important relationship, job, or an educational or career opportunity because of gaming activity. English-speaking gamers were more likely to own a dedicated gaming device, started video gameplay at a younger age, spent more hours weekly on gameplay, and were more likely to play games to escape or relieve a negative mood. Among the global sample, correlates of a higher level of IGD were: being males, being current students, spending more hours weekly on gameplay, having experienced anxiety in the past year, having a higher level of violence, and having less real-life social support. Conclusions: These results suggested that the prevalence of IGD is low and comparable between English-speaking and Chinese-speaking gamers. The two populations differed in certain diagnosis criteria of IGD and behavioral factors relating to gameplay. Psychosocial ...
Addiction Research and Therapy, Hot Articles

An investigation comparing primary and secondary substance cravings between mental health and substance use disorder program inpatients

Research Article of International Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy An investigation comparing primary and secondary substance cravings between mental health and substance use disorder program inpatients Susan M. Snyder1, James Holland2, Siobhan A. Morse3, Jessica Ingram4 1School of Social Work, Georgia State University, 55 Park Place, Rm. 575, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America; 2Horizon Health Mental Health Outcomes, 1965 Lakepointe Dr Lewisville TX 75057; 3Universal Health Services, Inc., 1000 Health Park Drive Building 3, Suite 400, Brentwood, TN 37027, United States of America; 4Horizon Health Mental Health Outcomes, 1965 Lakepointe Dr Suite 100, Lewisville, TX  75057 Background: Mental illness symptoms can trigger substance use cravings, which are strongly associated with relapse. Aim: Our study examines differences in substances craved among adults entering inpatient mental health (MH) and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment programs in 2018. Method: Our sample includes 2,486 adults; 1,686 adults admitted to MH programs and 800 adults admitted to SUD programs.  We conducted chi-square tests and Fisher’s exact tests to determine group differences, with a Bonferroni correction to adjust the alpha for multiple tests. Results: We found that patients programmed to SUD services more often reported alcohol (39.99 vs. 49.63%; x2 (1, N = 2,488) =20.56, p<0.001) and opioid (8. 00% vs. 35.88%; x2 (1, N = 2,488) =299.48, p < 0.001) cravings. Patients programmed to MH primary more often reported cannabis (16. 35% vs. 1.00%; x2 (1, N=2,488) =299.48, p<0.001), stimulants (10.25% vs. 6.13%;  x2(1, N =2,488) = 11.36, p < 0.001), and “other substances” cravings (21.45% vs. 3.25; x2 (2, N = 2,488) =136.52, p <0.001). Both groups mostly did not report secondary cravings. Conclusions: Because cravings can negatively impact treatment success of patients with co-occurring disorders, cravings should be assessed upon admission to mental health or SUD inpatient treatment. Keywords: psychiatric ...
Addiction Research and Therapy, Hot Articles

Reexamining opioid addiction as a co-occurring disorder: A clinical perspective on the “Chronic Pain Paradox”

Review Article of International Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy Reexamining opioid addiction as a co-occurring disorder: A clinical perspective on the “Chronic Pain Paradox” Dalia Chowdhury Ph.D., CRC, Stephen Fauss MS Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services University of North Texas The use of opioids as an anodyne for chronic pain was not prevalent before the 1980s1. Students in medical schools had learnt to avoid prescribing opioids, considered highly addictive for treatment of non-malignant chronic pain1. Yet, from the early 1990s, prescription opioids emerged as a widely accepted method of treating chronic pain and palliative care2. Previously, chronic pain was treated in multidisciplinary clinics with coordinated care which included physical exams, medication management, biopsychosocial evaluation, cognitive behavioral treatment, physical therapy, and occupational therapy2. Starting in the early 1990’s, under dubious antecedence, opioid analgesics were promoted as the proprietary remedy for chronic pain and received endorsement and support from care providers across the United States3. Non-cancerous chronic pain, as a phenomenon, was thus elevated to an ailment or a medical condition by its own right from its erstwhile status as a corollary to another medical condition.  This led to an increase in opioid analgesic prescriptions, followed by a wide-ranging abuse by patients, converting opioid use disorder (OUD) to a problem of epidemic proportions4. Apart from the legal course of action initiated against Perdue Pharma, in 2020, the maker and distributor of Oxycontin that resulted in a $3.8 billion lawsuit settlement, in which Perdue Pharma pleaded guilty; since the recognition of this problem, new measures have been adopted to counter the opioid epidemic by clinicians. There has been a significant shift towards circumvention by physicians prescribing opioids for non-cancerous chronic pain.  In a few instances, providers have resorted to putting a temporary moratorium on prescribing opioids to all non-cancerous chronic pain ...

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International Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy

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