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International Journal of Psychological Research and Reviews

Psychological Research and Reviews, Recent Articles

Frailty in Aging Adults : A Narrative Review

Review Article of International Journal of Psychological Research and Reviews Frailty in Aging Adults : A Narrative Review Tiffany Field, PhD University of Miami/Miller School of Medicine and Fielding Graduate University The recent literature (last five years) on frailty in aging (ageing) adults is predominantly focused on predictors/ risk factors for frailty along with some studies on negative effects and interventions. Aging has been typically defined as starting as early as 60 or 65. And, frailty has been defined as reduced physiological and functional reserve or measured by grip strength, weakness, exhaustion and social isolation or by longer assessments like The Frailty Index for Elders. The prevalence rates for frailty in aging adults have been highly variable in this literature, ranging from a low of 5% to a high of 51% depending on the severity of the frailty. Negative effects have included falls and mortality. Predictors/risk factors have included social isolation, lack of exercise, bad nutrition, anemia, anorexia, depression and multiple demographic variables. Interventions have included physical activity, Mediterranean-style diet, combinations of exercise and diet and the anti-aging drug metformin. Potential underlying mechanisms for frailty have been the negative effects of inflammation and the positive effects of Klotho, an aging suppressor gene. More well-designed longitudinal studies are needed as well as more robust randomized controlled trials. Keywords: Frailty; Aging Adult; Narrative Review ...
Psychological Research and Reviews, Recent Articles

Thematic Apperception Test Use in Psychotherapy Evaluation

Review Article of International Journal of Psychological Research and Reviews Thematic Apperception Test Use in Psychotherapy Evaluation Kelly J. Walk, Suchika Siotia Fielding Graduate University The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective construction technique used to identify individual responses to ambiguous stimuli. The TAT may also be used to assess one’s object relations and to understand how one uses object representations to interpret interpersonal situations illustrated on TAT cards. While the TAT has not been widely used in assessing psychopathology, a few studies have investigated its use in identifying psychopathic traits. A review of available studies indicated the TAT has only been used minimally in the assessment of psychopathology, and even less so in the evaluation of psychopathy. To date, use of the Westen’s SCORS scoring system has provided varied results, with the greatest support for valid use of the TAT in assessing psychopathy found in borderline personality disorder evaluation (Garb et al., 2002). Keywords: Thematic Apperception Test, psychopathy evaluation ...
Psychological Research and Reviews, Recent Articles

MAOA Levels as a Potential Biological Mechanism in Aggression: A Critical Review

Review Article of International Journal of Psychological Research and Reviews MAOA Levels as a Potential Biological Mechanism in Aggression: A Critical Review Kelly J. Walk, Suchika Siotia Fielding Graduate University Across cultures and throughout time, human aggression has been conceptualized in various ways. The monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene on the X chromosome (Grimsby et al., 1990) has been implicated in aggression from research originating in the 1990s (Cases et al., 1995; Shih & Thompson, 1999). Researchers have sought to create predictive models of aggression, and throughout decades of research have used several different tools to measure the construct such as the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the Conners’ Teachers Rating Scale. This work will analyze and synthesize current scholarly research; a critical review of this impactful line of inquiry will also be provided. Keywords: monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), aggression ...
Psychological Research and Reviews, Recent Articles

Eating Problems and Eating Disorders in Youth During COVID-19

Review Article of International Journal of Psychological Research and Reviews Eating Problems and Eating Disorders in Youth During COVID-19 Tiffany Field, PhD University of Miami/Miller School of Medicine and Fielding Graduate University Eating problems and disorders in youth have been increasingly prevalent during COVID-19. Unhealthy eating has resulted in short-term effects like sleep problems and long-term effects including significant weight gain. Several risk factors have been noted for eating problems in these mostly parent questionnaire studies including demographics such as low income and female gender, experiences of the youth including boredom, activities of youth including excessive social media and limited physical activity and parent reinforcement for snacking. Eating disorders have worsened including symptoms and behaviors as well as medical instability and hospitalizations. Although this literature is limited by variability in sampling, measures and data analyses, it highlights the need for further research. Keywords: Eating Problems; Eating Disorders; COVID-19 ...

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International journal of psychological research and reviews

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