American Journal of Clinical Research and Reviews

Introduction: Communication is a central element in any social situation, be it in the ordinary context of everyday life, or in a moment of illness. When health is compromised, communication should be exemplary between the health professional and the patient, but this is not always what happens. Several aspects emerge in this context, with a sender sending the message to a receiver, which may suffer contextual, cultural and individual influences. Every communication process is susceptible to interference, which is called noise, which can compromise the receiver’s understanding of the message, causing distorted interpretations and inappropriate reactions, which may occur due to the situational and subjective aspects of those involved. Objective: To report situations in the hospital psychological practice that identified interference in communication and the psychologist acted as a mediator, aiming to minimize the suffering of the patient. Methodology: Experience report. Results and Discussion: When communication takes place in a health context, it becomes more delicate and careful, as it involves a condition sometimes of suffering, pain, impaired perceptual abilities, regressive state of the patient, denial of the condition. illness, or pharmacological therapy. In this scenario, these elements compromise the understanding of information and guidance provided for recovery. Depending on what the patient experiences in the hospital environment, they can signal the most diverse messages, ranging from signaling life expectancy to the prospect of death. Cultural, social, emotional and psychological aspects are present, as well as physiological evidence. Common situations of interference in communication, which generated noise and a misunderstanding about the diagnosis, procedures, use of medications, postoperative were: false compliments about the patient’s condition, reinforcement of denial of reality, explanations of partial and fragmented procedures, of treatment steps with excessive use of technical terms, double message about evolution, rough touch, facial expressions and gestures that point to an inconsistency…

Since tuberculosis is a serious public health problem in Brazil and worldwide, it is the second leading cause of death from infectious disease, surpassed only by deaths associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This fact is an important point for the elaboration of actions aimed at reducing the indicators of disease incidence. This subject, pertinent and noticeable in the dialogues of the conversation and workshop circles, promoted by the higher level institution, which prompted undergraduate students to discuss the issue with the elderly, aiming at an exchange of knowledge, since this public It favors the exchange of knowledge that enriches knowledge through a dynamic and creative approach, aiming to reduce the incidence of the disease. Conduct health education intervention with the elderly, as a measure of prevention and health promotion, to control new cases of tuberculosis in the elderly. The methodology worked in an integrative and playful way, through lecture and group discussion, aiming to disseminate knowledge about the disease. The intervention took place on 28-052016, next to the church of the Santa Clara Monastery, located at Rua Heroninda Cavalcante Dantas – Dom Jaime Câmara, Mossoró – RN. life experiences of those involved. The theoretical framework was searched in the Virtual Health Library – VHL with the keywords, in a combined way: Tuberculosis, education and health, elderly. Since tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death from infectious disease, among the risk factors that lead to the evolution to active disease is age (elderly). As society ages, the health problems of older people challenge traditional models of care. However, motivated by the pursuit of learning and believing that educational measures are a means by which they can enter the universe unknown to this population, the wheels of conversation establish knowledge exchange that makes them feel more secure and autonomous….

Introduction: Non-Transmissible chronic diseases (NCDs) have been presented as a relevant health problem, due to the high number of premature deaths, quality of life deficits, with a high degree of limitation and disability, as well as being responsible for economic impacts on families, communities and public health services in general. Objective: To evaluate the impact of chronic noncommunicable diseases on the use of public health services. Method: Integrative review, data collected in electronic bases Lilacs, Medline / Pubmed, Sciello, where 830 articles were identified, and from the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies remained as final sample. The analyzed publications date from the period 2013 to 2017. For the research were used descriptors (Mesh / Decs) and free terms (Mesh Terms), crossed through the Boolean operator “AND”. Results: mortality studies indicate an increase in the proportion of deaths due to non-transmitted chronic diseases and also an increase in the proportion of hospitalizations, since the presence of chronic disease was associated with an increase of hospitalization in the last 12 months, 1.7 times. The use of health services in the last 12 months were, respectively, 3.4 times higher in the presence of four or more diseases. Hypertension had the highest prevalence among NCDs, with 21.4%, followed by depression (7.6%), arthritis (6.4%) and diabetes (6.2%). The degree of intense / very intense limitation presented higher prevalences for other mental illness (37.6%) and stroke (25.5%). A National Health Survey conducted in 2013 has revealed a rich and troubling panel of the country, with a high burden of NTCDs and disabilities, which should expand as a result of the aging population. There is strong evidence that correlates social determinants, such as education, occupation, income, gender and ethnicity, with the prevalence of CNCD. Conclusion: Indicators of health service utilization are important for assessing the quality…

Patient behavior is often described as disruptive behavior as they have an altered mental stage of fear of being sick, anxious about out of the pocket cost, alteration of lifestyle if suffered from a chronic illness. And the outcomes often faced by providers are inappropriate language, make unreasonable demands, and may even resort to physical abuse. The article comprises a few of this unusual behavior and a simple comparison between patients from developed world with those of the under-developed east. Purpose of the study: Discussion and projection of behavior pattern, health seeking behavior and monitoring status in both developed and under-privileged countries. The pharmacists have a vital role to play which is discussed along with comparison. Findings: Developed or under developed country, patients have a separate behavior pattern which develops and worsen with disease progression mostly. So many factors are behind but one thing clearly understood that the handling of such situation is a provider’s function, a challenge they have to face along with treatment intervention. Research Limitations: Very few articles found in matters regarding along with a very less interest paid by general people to talk about healthcare matters. It was very difficult to bring out facts of irrational patient behavior, giving it a substantial figure to discuss in this article. However, the major limitation is the article could be a comparison of behaviors of developed and under-privileged countries which requires an enormous exposure and financial support. However, the sole focus was to detail mysterious patient behavior and a greater part is covered. Practical Implication: The soul of this article was to detail about patient behavior, both in Bangladesh and developed countries. Along with students, researchers and professionals of different background and disciplines, eg. Pharmacists, marketers, doctors, nurses, hospital authorities, public representatives, policy makers and regulatory authorities have to…

Introduction: Serious cardiac diseases interfere considerably in patients’ quality of life. In these cases, heart transplantation has been increasingly indicated as a treatment. It is a process marked by intense experiences for the patient and his relatives, often emerging ambivalent feelings, as they deal with issues of finitude and of life restarting simultaneously. In view of this situation, the importance of the presence of the psychologist in the heart transplant team is evident. Objective: To report the performance of a psychologist in the cardiac transplantation process in a General Hospital. Methodology: Experience report. Results and discussion: Given the complexity and diversity of demands, the practice of the psychologist in the Cardiac Transplantation Sector in General Hospital can happen throughout the different phases of the treatment, from the identification of the need for surgery, with psychological evaluation, preparation and support to patients and relatives, to follow-up after hospital discharge, with psychotherapeutic follow-up, when necessary. Conclusion: Psychological repercussions on the patient and his relatives in heart transplantation are evident, which reinforces the need for the psychologist to work on different fronts, aiming at better psychological conditions to confront the stages of that process, which favors adherence to the treatment.

Malaria is a formidable global parasitic infection that presents a major health challenge in Tropical countries especially among pregnant women and children. It has a profound alteration or reduction effects on hematological parameters such as platelets in pregnant women. The study was carried out to determine the effects of Plasmodium falciparum on platelets of pregnant women in Owerri, Imo state Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) blood samples of pregnant women were collected at Holy Rosary hospital Emekuku in owerri. The blood samples were screened for malaria infection using thick and thin Giemsa blood films. Results showed that 50 (33.33%) were positive for malaria parasite showing significant signs, with visible fever accompanying the infections. Normal platelet number ranges from 150 X 109/L; 400 X 109/L. The association of hematological parameters and diagnosis of malaria infection among people living in malaria endemic areas were retrieved. The most commonly changed parameters are platelet count. Presence of thrombocytopenia in pregnant women from endemic areas was useful as supportive diagnostic criteria for malaria in cases with low levels of parasite number. Therefore, when used with other clinical and microscopy parameters, it can significantly improve malaria diagnosis and timely treatment for malaria infection.

Objective: The chikungunya fever is an arbovirus transmitted by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), using vectors like mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Aedes egypti. This review aimed to gather up to date and official information on the Chikungunya fever in Brazil because of its resemblance to dengue and importance for public health. Methods: A review of scientific literature was conducted by searching articles in the mains databases, NCBI, SCIELO, BIREME, CAPES periodical portal between months February and April 2015. Results: Joint pain are the classic symptoms of chikungunya, and are being used as one of the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological for differential diagnosis. There are no vaccines for the disease, and palliative drugs used against inflammatory response caused by the virus. Mosquito control is the main preventive measure. Thus, it is necessary that the health workers are trained for the effective diagnosis and prevention.

The identification and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) remain a great challenge for physicians in all the world. In this case report, the author explains how physicians can be able to detect a subtle coronary artery disease in otherwise healthy paucisymptomatic individuals, as athletes or ex-athletes, using only the exercise ECG stress (Ex-ECG) testing and clinical common sense, in the era of advanced technologies like cardiovascular imaging.

The objective of this paper is to review the contending issues of widowhood in Africa with particular emphasis on Nigeria. Across different cultures in Nigeria, there exists harmful traditional widowhood practices that have attracted the attention of the global struggle especially on violence against women. Sufficient evidence suggests that, widows are often mal-handled by the society and thrown into financial, psychological, sexual and social trauma. The growing excess of widows in Nigeria is due to factors such as lower mortality rate among women than men, younger wives than husbands, wives with greater likelihood of outliving their husbands and higher remarriage rates among the widows than widowers. In the twenty first century, the clash of civilization reminiscent in culture and modernity has produced discernible patterns of decline in widowhood practices in all cultures in Nigeria. For instance, the factor of restricting a widow to a point of confinement is weakened by modernity and the economic demands of modern life. For an educated career widow, the return to work in an urban setting clearly negates the demand for respect for the rules of restriction in movement and association or interaction. Where the widow is perceived to be well educated and wealthy, the widowhood rights are observed more in breach than obedience. In the rural areas where widows may be illiterate, the demands of custom are more likely to be enforced with the presence of many pre-disposed to customary practices. The practice of widowhood rites has widespread negative effects and deeply ingrained social, psychological, economic and health implications for womanhood in Nigeria. From the little available literature, it is observed that, there is a high rate of widowhood among Africans especially in the crises prone areas of Africa such as Sudan, Liberia, Somalia, Sierra-Leone, Ethiopia, Eritrea, the Congo, Niger, Chad and recently Nigeria….

The main objective of the study was to investigate the pains and challenges of widowhood in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The data was collected through the use of questionnaires and oral interviews. Data generated were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that, majority of widows in Adamawa State are still young and sexually active with high reproductive tendencies that are within the age brackets of 20-30 (46.3%). Margi tribe had the majority (22.7%) widows who are mostly Christians (49.3%) with tertiary educational level of 31% and entrepreneurship of 37.3%. It was gathered that, 36.0% of widows had their marriage lives full of joy and happiness with high future expectations before the death of their husbands. The results also show that, 56.0% of the widows suffer greatly in processing the benefits of their deceased husbands. The findings show different levels of maltreatment experienced by widows across the state. It has been established that, at the initial stage of widowhood, most widows go to the cold shell of their homes to fight loneliness. Thus, the study would be of immense benefit to widows who are in need of practicable opportunity to reduce their pains and challenges. This is imperative, because the age-long cultural conception of marital expectations now seems inadequate for present day widows who have to grapple with new and multiple roles of breadwinning, physical protection, custodian of societal morality as well as caring, feeding and educating their children (most times all alone). The findings would be useful to the government, scholars, policy makers and opinion leaders in matters related to widows. Above all, professional counselors could benefit from the study in playing their roles as crisis managers and providers of relief materials to widows. On the basis of this awareness, counselors would be adequately equipped to counsel the widows, their…