International Journal of Case Reports

Renal infarction is a rare emergency and the estimated incidence is extremely low according to the literature. In addition, simultaneous bilateral renal infarction was only about 20% in these rare cases. Herein we reported a case of acute renal failure related to bilateral renal infarction and successfully treated by endovascular therapy including angioplasty and catheter-directed thrombolysis. His renal function also significantly improved after the intervention. This rare case reminds physician that early endovascular therapy might improve renal function and result in better renal outcome for patients with simultaneous bilateral renal infarction.

Aim: A number of cases of SARS-CoV-2-related myocarditis have been reported since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemia, with autoimmune-mediated damage due to molecular mimicry proposed as the virus’ direct mechanism of injury. After commencing with a worldwide mass vaccination program, there have also been reports of myocarditis in the context of Covid-19 immunization. However, myocarditis is still not recognized as a potential side effect of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1-S recombinant) vaccine administration by the health authorities. Methods: In this article we report a case of myocarditis and further complications after vaccination for Covid-19 using the AZD1222 vaccine. Conclusion: Even though it is hard to demonstrate the etiology of acute myocarditis, considering the cases reported around the world, the temporal association, the absence of other plausible causes, and the serological pattern described, it seems reasonable to assume that there is a genuine possibility of myocarditis being a side effect of AZD1222 vaccine administration.

Primary lymphomas of the skull base are rare (1% of lymphomas in adults); they can originate from the cavernous sinus and the parasellar region. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common histologic subtype. Currently, the origin of these lymphomas is controversial, and their clinical characteristics are not very specific. There are various treatments for these lesions with a variable response; therefore, the prognosis of these lesions is variable. Clinical case: We present the case of a 52-year-old man who spontaneously presented with diplopia. Physical examination revealed a limitation in adduction of the right eye, right palpebral ptosis, and limitation in the abduction of the left eye. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined and homogeneous extra-axial lesion at the cavernous sinus level. The patient was biopsied and diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma; received chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this article, we present a clinical case that considers the characteristics of the diagnosis and is the first B-cell lymphoma at the cavernous sinus level reported in Mexico. Conclusion: Skull base lymphomas have a broad clinical spectrum. Minimally invasive surgery for biopsy purposes is the gold standard for diagnosis, and the treatment with the best results is chemotherapy.

The paranasal sinuses are closely related to vital structures, and therefore, rhinosinusitis may lead to various dangerous complications. Nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma is a rare benign lesion of the sinonasal tract in children and adolescents. We report the case of a 15-year-old patient with antibiotic-refractory acute sinusitis in whom a nasal tumor was identified and histopathologically diagnosed as a hamartoma. Therefore, the tumor was removed surgically to alleviate the patient’s symptoms. This case highlights the necessity of investigating the underlying cause if conventional treatment fails to resolve a mild disease like acute sinusitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a chondro-osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma presenting with acute sinusitis.

Septic phlebitis (also known as pyelephlebitis) because of diverticulitis is a rare but important complication. Many previous cases have mandated urgent surgical management for fear of further deterioration. This case report details one of the first cases where septic phlebitis was successfully managed conservatively, and details important clinical lessons clinicians should be aware of.

NTRODUCTION: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or macrophage activation syndrome(MAS) is a syndrome of fulminant cytokine storm leading to multiorgan dysfunction and high mortality rate. HLH may be Familial or Primary(fHLH) and Secondary (sHLH).FHLH is due to mutation in gene coding for perforin or NK cell of CD8 lymphocytes. sHLH may be associated with hematological malignancies, autoimmune disorders like SLE,Still’s diseae, kawasaki disease, infections and sepsis of various etiology starting from bacteria ,viral protozoal ,fungal and zoonotic infection. Main presenting features are fever, hepatospleenomegly, cytopenia,high ferritin level, high serum triglyceride and haemophagocytosis in bone marrow spleen or lymphnode. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this series we describe Five cases ,(two cases of SLE,one B-Cell lymphoma, one case of scrub typhus,one case of kleibsiella pneumoniae presenting as sepsis ) with their clinical, laboratory investigations, management and outcome with special correlation of ferritin level and HS score with the prognosis. All patients managed with I.V.Methyl prednisolone 30 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days and out come is assessed. CONCLUSION: MAS in SLE and sepsis is a life threatening unrecognised condition, early diagnosis and treatment can increase the survival rate by many folds . a drop of ferritin level by 15% after 48 hrs of treatment is a surrogate marker of good prognosis. From H scoring cut off value 169 corresponds to sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 86%.

Marfan’s syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that affects the body’s connective tissue, characterized by changes in three major connective tissue systems: the musculoskeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular systems. Individuals with MFS can develop severe cardiovascular complications., and the life expectancy of patients with MFS is markedly reduced as the effects of the disease on the aorta often lead to progressive dilatation, with subsequent dissection and rupture. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in patients with cardiovascular diseases. There is a high prevalence of OSA in patients with MFS due to craniofacial dysmorphism and increased upper airway collapsibility. A high prevalence of OSA has been reported in patients with MFS. To date, however, there are only a few case reports regarding the treatment of OSA in MFS patients. We present a treatment in an adult MFS patient with OSA using an oral appliance (OA). The patient was a 48-year-old Japanese woman of MFS, diagnosed with moderate OSA (apnea hypopnea index [AHI] = 27.0; lowest oxygen saturation [SaO2] = 78%; maximum apnea time = 114 s]). An OA was selected as the treatment option, and post-treatment sleep study indicated a reduction in AHI to 8.8/h with an improvement in other factors (lowest SaO2 = 84%; maximum apnea time = 66 s). Additionally, the treatment resulted in a reduction in BNP levels (81.3 from 110.2 pg/ml), and the patient’s cardiac function was stable over the period in which the patient received OA treatment. This study provides a basis for the future appropriate understanding and management of OSA of MFS patients.

Background Short bowel syndrome is an uncommon malabsorptive condition most frequently caused by massive surgical resection of the small intestine. Standard of care is home parenteral nutrition. Teduglutide, glucagon like peptide 2 analog, was approved to treat patients with short bowel syndrome, who are stable following a period of post-surgery intestinal adaptation. Case presentation We report two cases of patients with short bowel syndrome on home parenteral nutrition, treated with teduglutide, novel advanced therapy. We monitored the effectiveness and tolerance of the new treatment. Conclusion Teduglutide increases intestinal absorption, causes cryptal hyperplasia, villous hypertrophy, angiogenesis, and allows weaning from parenteral nutrition. We confirmed the early onset of treatment effectiveness in the 4th month. Early effectiveness of treatment allowed a reduction in the volume of home parenteral nutrition with an improvement in quality of life.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Adult, non-infective, haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) although a rare disease in itself, has a high likelihood of occurrence in pregnancy and immediate post partum period. It is an important differential diagnosis in the evaluation of thrombotic microangiopathies. Patients with post-partum HUS display a classical triad of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, acute nephropathy and thrombocytopenia. I hereby present a case of post partum HUS treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of six sessions of TPE were performed daily, three sessions for consecutive days and remaining three sessions were performed on alternate days. All the procedures were carried out with Haemonetics MCS+ exchanging one plasma volume using fresh frozen plasma and saline as replacement fluid. Haemodialysis was started and four sessions were carried out on alternate days. RESULT: A 37 year old, 85 kg female, G2 P1, underwent emergency LSCS because of foetal distress at 38 weeks of pregnancy. Post surgery she developed decreasing urine output, anuria ensued. Emergency therapeutic plasma exchange was carried out within 24 hours of diagnosis. It could be found that with TPE, patient had improvement in renal function, decrease in LDH levels and increase in platelet count. Patient had sustained remission and discontinuation of haemodialysis. CONCLUSION: HUS is a disorder with high mortality and long term morbidity, if prompt treatment is not instituted. The decision to intervene with plasma exchange should be based upon the severity of thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and neurological abnormalities, even if the diagnosis and nomenclature is uncertain. Improved survival after this disorder has been attributed to aggressive treatment with plasma exchange therapy.

Background: Hemorrhagic cholecystitis is an infrequent complication of acute cholecystitis associated with high mortality rate. Recognition of this acute abdominal condition is often challenging. Authors present a case of acute intraluminal gallbladder bleeding with a consequential gallbladder wall perforation and hematoperitoneum requiring emergency surgery in a patient on anticoagulant therapy. Case Presentation: An 80-year old woman with atrial fibrillation on warfarin was presented to abdominal surgeon due to acute abdominal pain with hemodynamic instability and active intraluminal gallbladder bleeding on CT-scan. An emergency laparotomy with cholecystectomy was performed. Despite intensive treatment patient died on the third postoperative day. Conclusions: Hemorrhagic cholecystitis is a potentially life-threatening condition. Patients on anticoagulant therapy with clinical signs of acute cholecystitis are more prone to develop bleeding into the gallbladder. Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen is the diagnostic modality of choice and cholecystectomy definitive therapy in patients with hemorrhagic cholecystitis.