Recent Articles

Breast cancer is the type of cancer that affects the breast. It is the most common invasive cancer in women. The incidence of breast cancer varies greatly around the world. It is lowest in less-developed countries and greatest in the more-developed countries. Types of breast cancers, Ductal carcinoma begins in the milk duct and is the most common type, labular carcinoma starts in the lobules, invasive breast cancer start when cancer cells break out from inside the lobules or duct and invade nearby tissue increasing to other parts of the body, while non-invasive is when the cancer is still inside its place of origin and has not broken out the first symptoms of the breast cancer are usually an area of thickened tissue in the breast or a lump in the breast or in an armpit. The risk factors are, age, genetics, devise breast tissue eg Estrogen exposure and breast feeding, body weight, Alcohol consumption, Hormone treatment and radiation exposures. Diagnosis often occurs as a result of routine screening. Breast Examination, Imaging Tests, Biopsy, Radiation therapy, Sentinel node, Mastectomy and Lumpectomy. Treatment depends in types of breast cancer, stage of the cancer and sensitive of hormones: Eg Hormone blocking chemotherapy and surgery. Prevention based on avoiding excess alcohol, getting enough exercise, keeping healthy mess index and taking fresh fruits and vegetables. Good lifestyle is recommended E.g diet, exercise and weight loss recommend.

Objective: We studied the socio-cultural aspects of contraception in a population of women followed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during the introduction of methotrexate. RA is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints; methotrexate, its standard of care, which requires effective contraception before starting. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that included 42 women with RA of reproductive age. Results: The mean age of the patients was 34 years, extreme 20 and 49 years. The age group of 30-34 years was the most representative. In our study population 93% of women were married. The average duration of progression of their rheumatic disease was 60 months. Different constraints to the practice of contraception were identified: need of downstream of the spouse (90,47%), need of downstream of the beautiful family (23,8%), fear of the side effects (45,23%) , the desire of pregnancy for a better image in society (14,28%). Conclusion: several socio-cultural aspects hinder the practice of contraception in our study population. Their taking into account and a good involvement of the family is essential.

Ortner syndrome is vocal cord paralysis secondary to left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy from atrial dilation. We present the case of a 28 year old woman with metastatic appendicular cancer to the peritoneum and pleura who experienced chest pain, progressive dyspnea and change in vocal quality secondary to esophageal impingement on the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This novel case of “Pseudo-Ortner Syndrome” further demonstrates the susceptibility of the laryngeal nerve to palsy secondary to mechanical impingement stemming from an unlikely distal non cardiac source.

Introduction: Renal stones are endemic in low income countries among children below 15 years old. This should not be underestimated due to high association with other morbidity and highly recurrence rate when compared with adults. Objective : To explore the Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave In Pediatric Renal Stones. Methodology: Study the case of a child girl reported with renal stone, clinical and laboratory data were obtained , Radiological investigations as US and CT were done, The patient underwent dj stent, then patient received one session of Extracorporeal Shock Wave 4000 us guided storz eswl Lithotripsy for urinary Stones then uralyt-u pediatric dose and allpourinol 100 mg once daily then start to passing stones gravels Results: Follow up by CT for the patient after 3 months revealed no stone, renal scan split function from 12 to 18%. Conclusion: Renal stones could be presented even among pediatric group even with negative family history. Ultrasound is the first choice imaging modality for diagnosis of suspected renal stones , CT could be used for follow up. Dihydroxyadenine stones could be missed during routine diagnosis of renal stones so imaging is mandatory and stones analysis should be done.

Introduction: A growing interest from investigators and practitioners have been registered in assessing patients’ quality of life and satisfaction with effectiveness of provided dental care. Specific treatment-related satisfaction measures have been introduced to recognize individuals’ perceptions of root canal treatment outcomes. Methods: Two hundred systemically healthy patients with irreversible inflammation of the dental pulp were endodontically treated and filled in anonymously a questionnaire consisting of two parts: 1) personal and demographic information (age, gender, occupation, education, income), and 2) seven semantic differential scales evaluating personal satisfaction two weeks after root canal treatment was completed. Level of satisfaction was assessed by assigning scores from 1 to 10 along continuous bipolar scales, separately for each treated tooth. Results: Very high overall satisfaction was registered in both groups with the scores being higher for patients treated by students but the difference was insignificant (p=0.068). Patients were significantly more pleased with their root canal treatment provided by specialists followed by undergraduate students (p=0.017). On the contrary, satisfaction with treatment cost was significantly lower for those treated by specialists compared to values registered by students’ patients (p< 0.0001). Conclusions: Endodontic treatment provided by undergraduate students and endodontic specialist resulted in an extremely high level of overall satisfaction almost equal for both groups. Treatment painfulness, postoperative esthetics and chewing ability were highly appreciated regardless of the treatment provider but perception of postoperative pleasantness was significantly higher for specialists. Significantly greater satisfaction with the treatment cost was registered in the group treated by students.

An edentulous space in the mandibular anterior region can produce a psychological impact on the young patient and is one of the most difficult esthetic challenges in dentistry. With the advent of resin cements , Maryland bridge are highly effective treatment option in these situations resulting in high levels of patient satisfaction. Provisional restorations are not much documented for Maryland bridge and needs its due consideration while treatment planning. This clinical report describes an efficient and simplified technique for provisionalisation of Maryland bridge.