Recent Articles

Introduction: The type of diet influences the metabolic functions and leads to changes in weight and/or body composition. Researchers have been trying to develop animal models in order to mimic the metabolic states of disorder that occur in humans. Aim: To analyze the metabolic changes after administration of a hyperlipid diet in Swiss mice. Methods: Twenty male Swiss mice weighing 39 – 44g with 120 days old were used. The control group (CG) was maintained on a standard balanced diet (Presence®: 23% protein, 4% fat, 50% carbohydrate and 23% other components), whereas the experimental group (EG) received a special diet with formulation with a high fat content (37.20% encephalon powder, 41.86% crushed feed, 18.60% lard and 2.32% cellulose). The Protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (CEUA) of the Center for Higher Education and Development (CESED), with Protocol No. 2010/4573. The statistic was performed by Student’s t-test. Results: The initial weight of the animals of the GC and GE groups were 383g and 389g, respectively, and the final weight was 385g and 424g, respectively, with a difference of 39g more for the group that received only the hyperlipidic diet. Cholesterol analysis were 57.4 ± 5.38 for GC and 100.2 ± 10.43 for the GE, where p = 0.0013, whereas for triglycerides values observed were of 50.4 ± 16.62 and 91, 91,6 ± 30.6 respectively. Discussion: The hyperlipid diet significantly increased animal weight, plasma triglyceride concentration, and cholesterol. As demonstrated in other studies this diet was also efficient in increasing body adiposity in this study. Conclusion: The hyperlipidic diet elaborated in this study demonstrates as an excellent model for induction of obesity and dyslipidemia in mice.

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease related to modern lifestyle and inactivity, accounting for 90-95% of diagnosed cases. The beginning of continuous physical practices characterized as aof form prevention for people susceptible to this type of illness. Objectives: describe how physical activity can prevent the onset of diabetes mellitus type 2. Methodology: It is an integrative review, which used articles were obtained from the data base: MEDLINE. The descriptors being used: Healthy behaviors, Type 2 diabetes, Exercise and Quality of life, using the logical AND operator. Through employee, descriptors were identified 18 publications, of which 12 were excluded for not suit the theme of the study, editorials and reviews. Being admitted the following inclusion criteria: articles published in Portuguese and English, the years 2010 to 2017. The guiding question was: how physical exercise helps in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Results and Discussion: The items used were published one in each year, respectively: 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014 and two in 2015, which showed that physical activities with guidance and regulars contributes positively to the reduction of weight and levels of cholesterol, and is associated with significant improvements in blood pressure, the same way that adds sensitivity to insulin and therefore improves the quality of life related to health. The article 2015 reports the existence dandy cost savings with treatment as prevention reduces spending on medication. Conclusion: It is proven that improvements in lifestyle, along with constant practice of physical exercise and low intensity prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: The high yield sport is an activity where athletes need to improve performance, seeking expected results. Breathing supports, influencing the supply and transport of oxygen; reduction in fatigue, feeling of effort and athlete’s decision. Goals: Increase muscle strength and respiratory capacity, verifying cardiorespiratory repercussions in training. Methodology: The study was conducted at Sport Club do Recife, with 5 male Handball players individuals. Were submitted to respiratory assessment through POWER BREATHE carehealth 2 controlled by the breathlink software, performing 2 sessions 10 minutes long, 2 times a week, for 5 weeks. The charge for first session was 60% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (Pimáx) increased by 5%. Results: There has been an increase in Pimax in 80% of athletes, being 75% raised the average volume of air inspired by incursion. All presented beneficial physiological adaptations with the progression of respiratory load imposed and improves the sense of effort by the Borg scale. Conclusion: It was evidenced that the respiratory muscle training is an important tool in the preparation of high performance athletes, due to provide increased inspiratory muscle force, pulmonar volumes and capacities; and, reducing the sensation of dyspnea and muscle fatigue.

The process of aging is determined by various genetic and environmental factors. Aging is associated with increased oxidative stress that alters cellular chromatin structure, DNA methylation with histone modifications. These epigenetic alterations lead to nuclear changes associated with mitochondrial apoptosis that is a major defect in the global chronic disease epidemic (1). The variability in longevity between individuals in different communities implicate various nutritional and environmental factors involved in transcriptional dysregulation that lead to cell damage that accumulates with age and contributes to mitophagy, insulin resistance and programmed cell death. The absence or malfunction of a gene (2) necessary for transcriptional regulation of gene expression, DNA repair and telomere maintenance in neurons has become essential with relevance to neurodegeneration that determines aging and lifespan.

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common chronic diseases of aging and caring for an elderly with this pathology causes a great deal of overload in the family. Objective: To analyze the overload of informal caregivers of elderly with Alzheimer’s disease. Methodology: Cross-sectional study approved by the Research Ethics Committee with Human Subjects (CAAE: 0178.0.236.000-11) and carried out at the Brazilian Alzheimer’s Association, in the section Pernambuco with 33 caregivers. The instruments used were: semi-structured sociodemographic questionnaire (caregiver and senior citizen ages, gender, degree of dependence of the elderly and degree of kinship among the participants) and Zarit Burden Interview Scale. These caregivers were divided into 4 groups, according to the degree of caregiver overload: mild, moderate, moderate to severe and severe. The Spearman correlation was used, considering p≤0.05. Results: Caregivers presented a mean age of 57.9 ± 12.2 years, while the elderly had 79.0 ± 8.1 years. 90.9% of the informal caregivers and 66.7% of the elderly were female. Regarding the degree of dependency of the elderly, 54.5% were considered totally dependent and, in relation to the classification by kinship, 63.6% were children. The moderate overload achieved a higher percentage, 39.4%, along with the moderate to severe overload level, 36.4%. When analyzing the degrees of overload with the age of the caregiver and the elderly, there was a positive correlation in the degrees of moderate to severe overload (rho = 0.734, p = 0.007). Discussion: The literature points out the predominance of the female gender in the elderly care and has been analyzing the caregiver’s overload by relating it to numerous factors. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the majority of informal caregivers are the daughters of the elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease. And the overload of care is directly related to the increase in the ages of…

Introduction: Changes in structures and systems of the human body through the process of senescence are responsible for frequent complaints in the elderly population, among which are those of dizziness, vertigo and imbalance. The aging of the vestibular, visual, somatosensory, musculoskeletal and central nervous systems mainly affects the postural control, being this of fundamental importance for the autonomy of these individuals. Vestibular rehabilitation aims to improve the overall balance, quality of life and spatial orientation of patients with dizziness. Objective: To verify the efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of elderly patients with symptoms of vestibular alterations. Methods: We conducted extensive research and selected articles published between 2012 and 2016, indexed in the databases SciELO, PubMed, MEDLINE and LILACS. The following keywords were selected in Portuguese: Speech Therapy, Elderly and Vestibular Rehabilitation. Results and discussion: Currently vestibular rehabilitation is increasingly being indicated in the treatment of vestibular dysfunction, as it is also being prescribed for individuals who present alterations related to balance and spatial orientation. The main peripheral vestibular disorders prevalent in the elderly are: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo; Menière’s syndrome; Vestibular neuritis and persistent perceptual postural dizziness (subjective chronic dizziness). The treatment of coexisting pathologies is also fundamentally important for the success of the therapy. Conclusion: Vestibular rehabilitation was shown to be an effective and viable alternative for vestibular symptomatology in the elderly. It is a satisfactory strategy to treat or minimize vestibular alterations, as well as improvement in anxiety, depression, static and dynamic balance and reduction of the quality of life and social interaction of this population. However, the practice of vestibular rehabilitation has not yet become routine in many speech-language rehabilitation services.