Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Induced Serotonin Syndrome
Serotonin syndrome also known as serotonin toxicity is a potentially life threatening syndrome that is precipitated due to excess serotonin within CNS. It results in variety of mental, autonomic and neuromuscular changes which ranges in severity from mild to fatal. It is nearly always caused by drug interaction involving two or more serotonergic drugs atleast one which is SSRIs. This is a case of 35- year- old female patient, admitted to hospital with 2 episodes of seizures, fever, headache, depression and was put on sodium valproate, clonazepam+escitalopram, paracetamol, sertraline. The patient medical history reveals that she is a known case of major depression and syncopal attack and was on escitalopram oxolate from 1 year. After two days of therapy patient developed tremors, restlessness, muscle rigidity, shivering and was clonus. On examination, variation in vitals was noticed and diagnosed as serotonin syndrome by review of medication chart sertraline was stopped and lorazepam was administered and patient showed good response and felt better. Proper education and awarness about drugs, drug-drug interaction causing SS its accuracy of diagnosis that prevents morbitiy and mortality in patients prescribed with SSRIs is of utmost importance.
Cytotoxicity Studies on Naproxen and Piroxicam Nanoformulations
Caco-2 cells were used as in vitro models to assess the cell viability characteristics of the carriers Soluplus®, Gelucire 50/13 and PVP K25 and the nanoformulations of Naproxen and Piroxicam. The assessment of cell viability was done using the tetrazolium salt based MTT assay. Gelucire 50/13 and its NFs were observed to have slightly higher cytotoxicity than PVP and Soluplus® and their respective NFs. All the NFs were observed to follow the cytotoxicity trend of the polymers. Our results show that no significant decrease in cell viability was seen until 0.01% concentration of Gelucire 50/13 for 12-h exposure. The NFs as well as the polymers alone had no significant effect on the viability of Caco-2 cells below 0.01% concentrations. The intestine has a protective mucous layer, whereas the cell culture monolayers do not. The intestinal tissues also have more capacity to recover from trauma than the cultured cells. Hence the present NFs can be expected to show lesser cytotoxicity when subjected to in vivo studies
Traction of Palatal Impacted Teeth: Description of a New Orthosurgical Technique
Introduction: Impacted teeth are a routine finding in orthodontics and oromaxillofacial surgery, particularly impaction of maxillary teeth detected during examination of deciduous teeth and confirmed by radiographs or CT scans. This study describes a new technique for the traction of palatally impacted teeth, a procedure for which technical difficulties are often encountered. Report: A description of a new orthosurgical technique for the traction of palatal impacted teeth. Conclusion: Clinical observations revealed that this novel technique made impacted tooth traction easier, particularly for the treatment of palatally impacted teeth.
Effect of food supplement constituents Quercetin, Silibinin and Luteolin on oral uptake of protease inhibitor saquinavir: synthetic meets natural
Saquinavir is the BCS class IV drug, it is a first protease inhibitor for HIV infection treatment, having poor permeability. The main purpose of this study was to study the effect of natural compounds on its bioavailability. In this work, binary systems of SQU with the natural bioenhancers were prepared using physical mixing method. The effect of these compounds were studied using different sophisticated experimental protocols. Firstly the compatability was tested for the three used bioenhancers quercetin (QU), silibinin (Sil), Luteolin (LT). Oral uptake was studied by analyzing the transport of SQU across the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) cell lines. Permeation through the goat intestine tissue was also studied. Pharmacokinetic analysis was also performed in rabbits by administered SQU with different bioenhancers in the form of suspension, and the whole analytical studies for the estimation of SQU in different studies were conducted using LC-MS. In the compatibility studies, bioenhancers found to be showing no or minimal interaction with the SQU. Permeation in the intestinal tissue of goat was significantly increased as compared to the plain drug. The transport of SQU across the Caco-2 cell lines also found to be improved than the plain drug. Pharmacokinetic study showed there was increase in the Cmax by approx. 3 folds using the different bioenhancers. AUC was also found to be increase by more than 2 folds with the each bioenahncer. The maximum oral uptake enhancement was found with the QU following by the Sil and then LT.
