Biogenic synthesis of Adhatoda vasica L. Nees mediated silver nanoparticles
The present investigation has been studied with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using medicinally valued Adhatoda vasica -Nees and to evaluate the antibacterial and anticancer activity against HEP-G2 (Human epithelium cells of liver cancer) cell lines. The UV-Vis spectroscopy results show a strong resonance centered on the surface of silver nanoparticles at 420 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy study demonstrates A. vasica aqueous extract acted as the reducing and stabilizing agent during the synthesis. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the synthesized AgNPs are single crystalline face-centered cubic in structure, average crystal size 21 nm. Scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) image confirmed synthesis of relatively uniform nanoparticles. The EDS analysis of the nanoparticles dispersion, using a range of 2-4 keV, confirmed the presence of elemental silver, without any contamination. The antibacterial activities were carried out against pathogenic bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition was observed in the synthesized AgNPs (10µg/mL) against Staphylococcus sp. (16mm), Klebsiella sp. (14.5mm). The cytotoxicity activity as evidence by MTT assay with HEP-G2 cell lines. The synthesized AgNPs are ready for the application in the field of nanomedicine against pathogenic bacteria and very good anticancer drug.
Status quo of the US and UK’s P2P lending regulation
The paper analyzes the current status of the US and UK’s P2P lending regulation and compares China’s regulatory system with the US and UK’s to extract experiences and lessons from relatively mature regulation. For the US, it does not make any new laws but relies on current existing laws and regulations to supervise P2P lending industry. US’s strong functional regulatory pattern makes it become the strictest in regulating P2P lending among three countries, emphasizing compulsory registration system and constant information disclosure management. Strict regulation makes the P2P lending market more orderly but also restricts the industry’s innovation. For the UK, it does not count on existing laws, but reassesses P2P lending industry and proposes new legal instrument to regulate this novel industry. Appropriate laws can regulate related businesses effectively and also leave enough space for industry’s innovation. Another bright spot of UK’s P2P lending regulation is the strong self-discipline from the industry association, making a great contribution to standardize P2P lending industry, promote benign competition, and protect consumers.
Herbal home garden and ex-situ conservation of medicinal plants
Herbal home remedies have a long history which is in the form of oral tradition. Herbs and other locally available medicinal plants have been used for healing purposes and maintaining good health since time immemorial. These practices of healthy living and use of herbs for curing diseases enunciated in Ayurveda and are in vogue in Indian households even today. The current status of herbal home garden along with government and private run herbal gardens have been studied in Haridwar (Uttarakhand),and Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh in the year 2008-2009 and 2012-2013 respectively. From Haridwar, total of 75 households were chosen from three distinct geographical locations by using random sampling method. Herbal gardens of Brahmavarchas located at Shatikunj, and Patanjali Yogpeeth, Haridwar were also taken for the study. From the district Kangra, two governments and one private owned herbal gardens were chosen for the study. For the collection of primary information, well-structured questionnaires were used during the field surveys. Focus Group Discussion and personal interviews were applied to document the uses of medicinal plants as health care measure. Besides a review of relevant literature, the research used a variety of qualitative techniques, such as semi-structured, in-depth interviews and participant observations. The present study facilitates a better understanding of the present status of indigenous knowledge system, local innovations and practice of herbal based home remedies and the traditional knowledge is diffused in the society. The cultural set up and old aged traditional knowledge system is a way of life in Indian households and Indian kitchen and herbal home garden render valuable health care system. Irrespective of geographical localities viz. rural and urban settlements, the role of herbal home garden (kitchen garden) is very significant in providing accessible health facilities. Sixty four per cent respondents including traditional healers (Vaidyas) consider kitchen garden as…
