Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Background and study aim: One of the main requirements of biomarkers for detecting CRC is that it must allow detection of the disease at earlier stages. The current study is designed to investigate the role of combined M2-Pyruvate kinase, Calprotectin, and Fecal occult blood test measurements as fecal diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer. Patients & Methods: Total number of 72 subjects (48 patients and 24 healthy controls) were included in the study. Patients with cancer colon and patients with organic non-malignant colorectal lesions were recruited from Oncology and Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinics and Inpatient Department Menoufia University Hospital. Results: There was a highly significant difference between studied groups regarding age and gender (P> 0.001), cancer colon was higher among old age (mean ± SD is 58.96±6.3) and males (70.8%), There was a highly significant difference between studied groups regarding Hb, CRP and ESR (P >0.001); lowest Hb level was detected in cancer group (8.7±1.7). On the other hands highest CRP and ESR levels were in cancer group (7.29±4.47) and (14.71±6.19) respectively. There was a significant difference between studied groups regarding platelets (P >0.05); lowest platelet number was detected in cancer group (272.4±66.9). There was non-significant difference between studied groups regarding WBCs (P 0.001), There was a highly significant difference between studied groups regarding M2-Pyruvate kinase and Occult Blood (P >0.001), There was highly significant difference between M2-PK in cancer and control groups (p >0.001), There was significant difference between calprotectin in cancer and control groups (p >0.05), There was highly significant difference between occult blood in cancer and control groups (p >0.001), There was highly significant difference between Combined M2-PK and Calprotectin in cancer and control groups (p >0.001), There was highly significant difference between Combined M2-PK and Occult blood in cancer and control groups (p>0.001), There was…

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a chronic gastrointestinal tract inflammatory disorder. Although its etiology remains unknown, it has been reported that nutrition is involved in the onset of IBD. Patients with IBD often experience malnutrition due to malabsorption and increased energy requirements. Malnutrition is a serious issue for patients with IBD, especially in young people. Growth retardation characterized by delayed skeletal maturation and onset of puberty is a representative complication. In addition, immunosuppression, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia are important issues. Functional foods and diets have been known to alleviate gastrointestinal inflammation by modulating inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, appropriate nutritional treatment has been reported to be effective on the induction and maintenance of remission in patients with IBD, especially with CD. Conversely, there are negative reports regarding the efficacy of nutritional therapy in patients with IBD. Recently, various new therapeutic agents such as biologics have emerged as key drugs in IBD treatment. In this new era, the efficacy of nutritional treatment, including combination therapy with biologics, should be reconsidered to improve the quality of life in patients with IBD. In this review, the nutritional treatment for patients with IBD is reviewed, and the latest evidence is provided.

Background: According to the official WHO publications, obesity became one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. In addition to causing various physical disabilities and psychological problems, excess weight drastically increases a person’s risk of developing a number of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. The risk of developing more than one of these diseases (co-morbidity) also increases with body weight gain. Obesity is already responsible for 2–8% of health costs and 10–13% of death cases and the numbers rise progressively. Objective: To perform retrospective analysis of medical records data of patients with very specific range of morbid obesity (super-super obesity- BMI >60) with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and systematized preoperative criteria and morbid risk for surgical treatment. Methods: Our study includes group of 13 patients with BMI>60 kg/m2. All patients taking part in the program for treatment of morbid obesity meet the criteria of the national regulatory health system. LSG was performed following official description. We conducted a 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 60 months follow up of patient’s status and evaluation of quality of life, and we presented the percentage of excess weight loss (EWL). Results: Evaluation of preoperative consultations and clinical examinations permitted to perform as first step Laparoscopic SG for all patients. Postoperative results were very satisfying for nine of our (69 %) patients. Three patients after interval of 10-15 months obtained complementary second step operation – duodenal switch. We found that LSG is effective procedure for SSO patients. Conclusion: The group of Super-super obese patients is very specific because conservative treatment is usually not effective, limited and only weight loss surgery may propose acceptable results. Patients with BMI super to 60 kg /m2 presented satisfying results of LSG, their co-morbidities are not absolutely contraindications, and only well conducted preoperative and…

A 57 yo male with a background history of common variable Immunodeficiency syndrome (CVID) on Immunoglobulin Infusion (Kiovig) 40mg three weekly was referred for investigation of diarrhoea and follow up from previous history of colonic polyps. Colonoscopy showed an irregular looking ileocaecal valve (ICV) with an adjacent flat polyp (Paris IIa). Biopsies showed low grade dysplasia. There was also a duodenal polyp noted on gastroscopy and biopsy again showed low grade dysplasia. In light of the findings of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract polyps, a small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) was arranged. This showed an irregular area of mucosa in the proximal small bowel with significant ulceration and inflammation (Figure 1). There were also multiple scattered lymphagiectasias and lymphoid hyperplasia in the distal small bowel (Figure 2). Anterograde double ballon enteroscopy (ADBE) was subsequently performed to the distal jejunum about 8 weeks after the SBCE. The duodenal polyp seen at gastroscopy was visualised during ADBE (Figure 3). In addition, two diminutive (

Introduction: Eradication of H. pylori reduced the risk of gastric cancer by 75%, thus, its therapy with high eradication rates is needed. Nowadays, the success rate of H.pylori eradication regimen (PPI-based) has dropped to less than 75% due to clarithromycin resistance and inadequate gastric acid suppression. Vonoprazan, a Potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) was released for use in first-line and second-line treatment for H.pylori eradication. It shows better acid suppression effect in acid-related disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of PCAB and PPI as first-line and second-line treatment for H. pylori eradication. Method: We search the Medline, Google Scholar and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) databases in October 2019. The study selection process was plotted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. Results: In studies assessing first-line therapy, 776 patient were using PPI and 965 patient were using PCAB. In first-line therapy, PCAB has higher ITT and PP compared to PPI. According to Sue et al, in PPI group, more patient complain of diarrhea (49 vs 25; p < 0.001). In studies assessing second-line therapy, 1,069 patient were using PPI and 605 patient were using PCAB. Two studies showed no significant differences between PCAB and PPI in second-line therapy, but one study showed PCAB superiority (ITT PPI vs PCAB 85% vs 90% p=0.045; PP PPI vs PCAB 91% vs 96% p=0.008). There is no difference in adverse event between PCAB and PPI. Conclusion: In conclusion, PCAB has higher eradication rate (ITT and PP) compared to PPI as first-line therapy for H.pylori eradication. Further study is still needed in comparing efficacy of PCAB and PPI as second-line therapy. Both therapies were safe and well tolerated.

Introduction. Our study aims to strengthen the literature on esophageal cancer in Burkina Faso by assessing its endoscopic frequency and describing its epidemiological, anatomical-clinical and endoscopic characteristics. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2018. Included in this study were all patients who had upper gastrointestinal fibroscopy (UGIF) with biopsy, and in whom esophageal cancer was confirmed histologically. The variables studied were: age, sex, main circumstance of diagnosis, endoscopic appearance, and histological type, as well as risk factors. Results: During the study period, 29 cases of esophageal cancer were diagnosed, with an average endoscopic incidence of 8.3 cases/year. The average age was 58.34 years. There were 17 (58.6%) males, or a sex ratio of 1.5. The definite risk factors of alcohol consumption and active smoking were present in 31.0% of patients. The average duration of consultation was 65.8 days, and the main symptom at diagnosis was dysphagia (72.4%). The preferred location was the lower third for nearly three-quarters of tumors; and the budding form was dominant (56.3%). At histology, squamous cell carcinoma was the dominant type (65.5%). Conclusion: This study shows us an increase in the average annual incidence of esophageal cancer in Bobo-Dioulasso. It mainly affects males from the age of 50, with clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics similar to those found in the literature. The great delay in diagnosis limits the therapeutic options for this cancer with a formidable prognosis.

The mucocutaneous manifestations are, with the osteo-articular attacks, the most frequent of the extradigestive attacks of the Crohn’s disease. While some of these events evolve alongside the digestive disease, others evolve on their own. Sometimes they can even precede the appearance of intestinal manifestations by several months, which then poses diagnostic problems. Recto-vaginal fistulas and ovarian involvement in Crohn’s disease have been widely reported in the literature (1; 2). However, there are few series in the literature reporting the genital complications of CD, let alone regarding vulvar lesion. We report a new case of vulvar lesion in Crohn’s disease.

Objective: Describe the situation of vitamin D deficiency in children aged 6 – 11 years at Vietnam National Children’s Hospital. Method: Cross-sectional study. Results: In 155 healthy children in the study, vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D serum level < 50 nmol/l) was 23.9%. Common clinical symptoms of vitamin D deficiency were long bone pain (32%) and low ionized calcium level (83.8%). There was inverse linear correlation between vitamin D level, weight-for-age z score (WAZ) (r= –0.266 and p

Background: Recently, picky eating behaviors have become more and more common in Vietnam. Early identification of nutritional deficiencies through assessment of nutritional status and dietary intake is important to be able to intervene in time to help children optimum in growing physically and cognitively. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary intake of under five years old children with picky eating behavior and the consequences of these diets on their nutrition status. Methods: Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall for 124 under five years old who presented with picky eating behavior at Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics. Nutrients intakes were calculated using validated dietary analysis software and compared with age-appropriate Vietnam Recommended(Recommended Nutrient Intakes- RNI). Nutrition status was assessment follow WHO guideline 2009, micronutrients deficiency was evaluated based on laboratory tests. Results:84.7% of the children had an unbalanced diets, lacking in overall energy intake(70-90% of RNI:48 and ≤ 50%: 19%). Prevalence of stunting (32.3%), under weight (28.2%), wasting (13.7%) and micronutrients deficiency was high. Conclusions: Children with picky eating behavior had high prevalence of inadequate diet, malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Early identification and treatment of picky eating behavior in children is needed to prevent malnutrition.

Esophageal tracheal fistula is a pathological communication between the esophagus and the trachea and/or bronchus. It is caused by the progression of malignant tumors such as esophageal cancer and lung cancer, as well as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Once the esophageal tracheal fistula is diagnosed, it needs immediate treatment to block the fistula as soon as possible, relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life of the person. Digestive endoscopic minimally invasive interventional techniques, represented by esophageal stents, are an important means of treating esophageal fistula. In this study, the esophageal stent type selection, placement method and efficacy in the treatment of esophageal tracheal fistula, and the application of other digestive endoscopy techniques is summarized.