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Maxillary anterior teeth are the most affected teeth from dental trauma. The immediate reattachment of natural tooth fragment is a good alternative option as an emergency treatment for remaining aesthetical and functional problem. This treatment offers a conservative, aesthetic, and cost effective restorative option that has been shown to be an acceptable alternative to the restoration of the fractured area with composite resin or crown. In this case report we presents a clinical technique of reattachment of coronal fragment of maxillary central & lateral incisor after trauma using glass fibre – reinforced composite post systems.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of integrated fertilizers on the nutritive quality of maize and soybean in intercropping system in 2014 at field 2, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Fertilizer applications were either in the form of inorganic (NPK) or poultry manure (PM). Treatments comprised of combinations of three intercropping systems (sole maize, sole soybean, and maize + soybean) and four nutrient managements (control, 100% NPK, 100% PM and 50 % NPK + 50% PM). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Results showed that intercropping maize with soybean significantly reduced protein and nutrient content of soybean; however, the oil content of soybean, sugar, oil, protein and nutrient content of maize were not significantly affected by intercropping. Sole and integrated application of NPK and PM increased the quality of both crops over control. Integrated application of 50% NPK and 50% PM fertilizer gave higher oil, protein and nutrient content of both crops. Use of 100 % PM gave better quality than the application of NPK fertilizer for both crops.

Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) is an aromatic compound and usually applied in a few commercial and mechanical products. Additionally, ladies apply henna for coloring their hair, which contains PPD as one of the components. Henna is used in East Africa, India, and Middle Eastern countries as a part of their culture. However, it is rarely found in western countries. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two different doses of PPD topical application on the skin of female rats. The microscopic analysis indicates that the body and heart weights were affected. Histopathological studies on cardiac fibers showed that the treatment of rats with 1.5 ml of PPD resulted in increased cytoplasmic vacuolization and the loss of myocardial cells with a globular nucleus. Additionally, an increased dose of 3 ml PPD showed several signs of cardiotoxic effects on increased cytoplasmic vacuolization and myofibrillar loss. Congestion, focal necrosis, swollen mitochondria, and lymphoid infiltration were also observed. Considering the findings of this study, it is concluded that the chronic usage of PPD promotes histopathological alterations in heart tissue of rats.

Introduction Crowned dens syndrome (CDS) is a rare clinical presentation of chondrocalcinosis or calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPPD) disease, characterized by fever, neck pain and stiffness, associated with increased biological markers of inflammation. Diagnosis is made mainly via imaging, and the best modality remains the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the neck showing calcification and calcium pyrophosphate crystals deposition around the odontoid process (1). The aim of this report is to increase awareness of this rare and ill-known clinical tableau and to review its complications and the latest modalities of its diagnosis and treatment. Clinical case: An 83-year-old female patient presented to the emergency department (ED) of the Middle East Institute of Health (MEIH) with severe acute onset neck stiffness and pain of 10/10 intensity, radiating to the submandibular area and reaching the occipital part of the head, associated with nausea and 2 episodes of chills one day prior to presentation. Patient denied any recent history of trauma or surgery of the head and neck. Physical exam at that time was only remarkable for marked limitation of neck motion, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs. No skin changes, facial sinuses tenderness, cervical lymphadenopathies or neck swellings were noted. Vital signs at ED were within normal range except for a low grade fever. Laboratory work-up upon presentation showed hyperleukocytosis (WBC = 14000/mm3) with left shift and a C-reactive protein (CRP) of 189 mg/L (0-5 mg/L). Chest X-Ray only showed degenerative osteoarthritis of the thoracic spinal vertebrae. CT-scan of the brain without IV contrast done urgently showed no acute changes. As Clinical and biological features were suggestive of acute meningitis, cultures were taken including blood, urine and CSF fluid from lumbar puncture. The patient was admitted to the hospital for IV antibiotic treatment with a large spectrum carbapenem and close observation. On…

Natural molecules from food have been used to manage sickle cell crises. As a genetic blood disorder, treatment is complex and expensive. This study was carried out to establish the phenolic compounds profile of black bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgarus. L) commonly used by some families in the Western Region of Cameroon to manage sickle cell disease and to evaluate their in vitro antisickling, membrane stability and antioxidant properties. Free, bound and total phenolic contents were estimated to be 0.1±0; 0.108±0 and 0.212±0 mg EAG/g of sample respectively. Free phenolic compounds contain ferulic acid (0.013 μg/g), while bound phenolic compounds contain gallic acid (2.13 μg/g) and ferulic acid (0.037 μg/g). Free phenolic compounds had the higher rates of inhibition (82.26±2%), reversibility (69.86±3%) of sickling and the best effect on membrane stability of erythrocytes. Phenolic extracts from black bean seeds also showed a high global antioxidant activity with free phenolic compounds (28.42± 0 mgFeII/100g). Total phenolic compounds showed a better activity on DPPH radical with a IC50 of 2.42±1µg/µL while free phenolic compounds showed a better activity on scavenging hydroxyl radical with a IC50 of 1.5±0.5µg/µL. These results may justify the use of black bean seeds by sickle cell patients from Cameroon.

Digital games can help older adults to entertain themselves, socialize with others, engage their cognitive functions, and enhance emotional states. This study surveyed 463 older Canadian adults to identify the digital games they had played and investigate whether playing them was associated with perceived socioemotional and cognitive benefits. The most widely reported socioemotional benefits were developing self-confidence, dealing with loneliness, and connecting with family. The most widely reported cognitive benefits were focusing, memory improvement, improved reaction speed, and problem solving. In the socioemotional category, connecting with current friends and connecting with family were both associated with strategy games, while connecting with current friends was also associated with sport games. In the cognitive category, both problem solving and speed in reacting/responding were associated with arcade games. Results show that playing digital games has the potential to be an intervention tool to improve older adults’ wellbeing. Funding: This study was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (grant number 435-2012-0325) and AGE-WELL NCE Inc., a member of Canada’s Networks of Centres of Excellence (grant number CRP 2015-WP4.2).

Background: Aging as a natural physiological process is accompanied with nutritional and metabolic changes that is reflected by the anthropometric indices furthermore loss of muscular and fat masses rises. elderly individuals it is complex, and sometimes impossible, to measure standing height precisely because of standing straight difficulties arising from underlying mobility issues Anthropometric indices and measuring formulas are greatly trustworthy when compared with more sophisticated methodologies such as hydro densitometry, electronic bio impedance. Aim: To assess which one of the three anthropometric measures (demi-span, ulna length and knee height) is the most accurate for height estimation in Egyptian elderly males, and to provide a nationally representative regression equation for stature prediction that could be applied to Egyptian elderly males. Methodology: A cross sectional research study was conducted to estimate height in community dwelling Egyptian ambulant elderly males. The study sample consisted of 226 community dwelling elderly males. Results: The model for using knee height to estimate standing height of Egyptian elderly males [Height = 57.345 + 2.131 (Knee height in cm)], was found to be statistically significant reflecting 63.3% of standing height changes. [Table (5)] Besides there was strong statistically significant positive correlation between measured standing heights and study predicted standing heights (P value < 0.001). [Table (6)] Finally it was revealed and displayed that by using the study equation, there is no statistically significant difference between measured and predicted heights. Conclusions: In the current research study, knee height was found to be more accurate than demi-span and ulna length for estimating height of Egyptian elderly males.

Medicinal plants are widely recognized as the key component for critical human health, social and economic support. The current study was conducted to identify medicinal plants used by local people and traditional healers to treat “u wela” in Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa. A questionnaire was designed to gather information on the local names of plants, plant parts used and methods of preparation administered by the traditional healers. Plant species were collected based on indigenous knowledge of local traditional healers through the use of a questionnaire and personal interviews, and some were identified using literature and herbarium at the University of Limpopo. The study revealed that thirty-seven medicinal plants are used for treatment of “u wela” in the study area. The frequency index was calculated and the highest frequency was observed in Elaeodendron transvaalensis Jacq (47%) and the least were found in Albizia versicolor Welw. Ex Oliv (6%). Some medicinal uses of identified plants which have not been recorded in the consulted literature were documented. Noticeably, many of these plants were grown in the wild. Traditional healers use different plant part(s) for the treatment of various ailments. Roots (40%) were highly used followed by 20%, bark (13%) and leaves. The plant forms used were trees, (38%), shrubs, (3%), climbers, herbs and succulents (4.7%) belonged to the herbs and succulents. The results stipulated that a high population of people in the community still relied on traditional medicine for their primary health care.

Globalisation has enhanced the rate of urbanisation and influenced the travel behaviour characteristics across the cities of the world. Remarkably, in the case of Nigeria, especially in the most commercialised local government area, the travel pattern seems erratic and unpredictable; problems associated with urban mobility include delay, traffic congestion, and chaotic trip pattern characteristics. In this regards, most related studies seems to be biased towards the developed economics urban metropolitan areas. Therefore this study intends to examine the travel behavior characteristics in Nigeria’s most commercialised local government area. The methodology involves both the qualitative and the quantitative methods. The data is analysed with descriptive, chi-square statistical and regression analytical techniques. The study reveals that socio-economic characteristics especially gender, and the female to be specific contributes more to the volume of trips in the study area than the men. In addition, it shows there is a significant relationship between the mode of transport and level of accessibility among the residents of policy.

This study deals with the role of customary conflict resolution mechanisms in Oromia region with particular emphasis on Dawo district of south west shewa zone. Hence, the (i) purpose of this study was to examine and explore the significance of customary conflict resolution mechanisms in anthropological perspectives in the study area. The (ii) intent of the study was to identify the types of customary conflict resolution mechanisms and cause of conflict in Dawo district. The (iii) purpose of the study was to describe the structure and procedure as well as advantage and disadvantages of customary conflict resolution mechanisms. Finally, the purpose of this study was to provide information to understanding about the study area. To achieve this objective, both primary and secondary data was used. This study applied qualitative data. The data used in this study were generated from one- one interview, focus group discussion, case study and document analysis. In anthropological studies, analysis is an instrument to extract meanings from the information obtained during the field work. In such a manner, data were presented in a qualitative type. By using this methods, the study revealed that conflict in this research area emanate from land issues, theft and competition over resources.