Psychological Research and Reviews

This study examined the predictive power of Perceived Self-Efficacy and Perceived Social Support on Coping with HIV/AIDS’ Stigma. The study seeks to ascertain whether perceived self-efficacy and perceived social support would predict coping with HIV/AIDS’ stigma among patients. Using a sample of 152, with a total number of males 49 with percentage of 32% and females 103 with a percentage of 68%. Their ages ranged from 18-70 and a mean age of 53 years. This was a survey research and the design adopted was correlational design based on the design a multiple regression analysis was adopted as an appropriate statistical tool for analysis. The multiple regression analysis of the first hypothesis which stated that self-efficacy will significantly predict coping among HIV/AIDS’ patients was confirmed at β= .55; t= 2.47, P

Levi has hypothesized that witnesses with poor memory discount some lineup members as not fitting their partial memory of the target, thereby picking him often. In a comparison between British 10-person video lineups and 48-person lineups, they did not differ in identifications. Perhaps sequential video lineups prevented witnesses from hitting upon the discounting strategy. Fifty were asked to count the number of lineup members that they could discount, and then were given the lineup. Others were given the lineup first. We expected that the former group would have more identifications No difference was found. Reasons for this were discussed.

Background: Our late modern society has a focus on self-realization, managerialism and instrumental reasoning. A logic of choice dominates the lives of emerging adults. They are focused on “self-managing” their lives. Although many emerging adults can “flourish”, others are “floundering,” struggling with anxiety or lower self-perceptions. Theories on self-realization which focus on a capability or self-determination approach seem inadequate for understanding this reality. Aim: This article critically examines what it means to be an emerging adult in late modern society. It aims to counterbalance the dominant theories of self-realization by exploring a dialogical view on the “self”. It pays attention to the voices of the “selves” of emerging adults, including the internalized voice of society itself. Method: A narrative approach was followed. First, an interpretive narrative study was carried out with female respondents. The study employed in-depth focus group and individual interviews and the transcripts of the interviews were then analyzed thematically. We further analyzed the data according to the Listening Guide Approach. Findings: Self-realization is a dynamic relational and moral process. The findings illustrate the multiple voices and I-positions of emerging adults. In addition, the findings illustrate that in addition to agency, “passive receptivity” also plays an important role in the process of becoming an emerging adult.

Human mind is a functional capability of the brain, by which information about sensory-motor contacts made through the nervous system are perceived and interpreted by the mind. While the detection and interpretations are subjective and experiential, they are based purely on a cascade of neurocognitive processes that unfold in the brain in response to external events or sequential changes detected over time and space. Experiential or subjective interpretations are generally based on the selected choices, and often depends on the cognitive judgments made by the individual. The cognitive judgments mold the drive present in the individual and it is experienced as positive or negative emotions by the individual. Drive is the fuel or energy present in the system for all responses and actions related to “seeking”, and they are automatically initiated when the drive reaches a Critical Level of Potentiation (Mukundan et al. 1). It is possible for an individual to become aware of the presence of the drive as well as the process of initiation of actions in the attempt to satisfying the drive. Scientific observations of the changes that occur in the physical and social environment, which are normally detected by the sensory-motor systems are repeatable and explain the time-space sequential relationships that exist in the physical universe. The major role of the mind is the experiential detection and interpretations of the sensory-motor events, which are experienced and expressed by the mental processes related to detection and expression. Subjective interpretations are generally based on personal experiences, which are highly suggestable and as per the needs experienced at personal and group levels by the individual minds. Individuals create goals and purposes for all actions, and in the process, the new functional systems of the mind are also created according to neuroscientific principles. The physical world shaped by man scientifically…

Statement of the Problem: The birth of a child does not create a split with the pregnancy and desires of the conception of the parents but rather confirms the continuity of the fantasies, the representations which animate these and more still the mother since the desire of the child. These fantasies and daydreams inherent in pregnancy and described by Bydlowsky are relegated to the background, and sometimes even ignored by families, but especially by obstetric care professionals during birth. Methodology: This article is an intrusion using semi-directive interviews in the psychic dynamics of six Cameroonian primiparous women who gave birth by cesarean section in a specialized hospital, from the preoperative to the postoperative through the operative. Findings: It emerges from this study that when the normal process of birth is changed, the mother can undergo this event considered natural in her cultural universe. Cesarean section is certainly a birth, but it is anti-physiological, because of the lack of passage that leads to a feeling of foreignness in women. In the Caesarean section, there seems to be a lack of narcissistic investment in the reproductive apparatus. Caesarized parturients feel guilty for not having given life according to the accepted model, both on the religious, social, cultural and psychic level. They feel guilty for not being able to repeat the act that women have been doing in their environment since the beginning of time. For their own family they bring denigration, for the in-laws they are incapable, for the other parturients they are inferior, and for themselves they are guilty. Conclusion: This birth-related surgery does not give women a leeway to become involved in the process. The physical undergoes invasive gestures that are not felt in a present but are imagined with a shift of time, of reality and resonance on the…

Objective: We studied the socio-cultural aspects of contraception in a population of women followed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during the introduction of methotrexate. RA is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints; methotrexate, its standard of care, which requires effective contraception before starting. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that included 42 women with RA of reproductive age. Results: The mean age of the patients was 34 years, extreme 20 and 49 years. The age group of 30-34 years was the most representative. In our study population 93% of women were married. The average duration of progression of their rheumatic disease was 60 months. Different constraints to the practice of contraception were identified: need of downstream of the spouse (90,47%), need of downstream of the beautiful family (23,8%), fear of the side effects (45,23%) , the desire of pregnancy for a better image in society (14,28%). Conclusion: several socio-cultural aspects hinder the practice of contraception in our study population. Their taking into account and a good involvement of the family is essential.

There is currently a major cultural problem taking place across American society in regard to students dropping out of school. Millions of Americans drop out of high school and college each and every year. Millions never earn a high school diploma or college degree. This study looked at the reasons why students dropped out of school (N = 367). Some of the major reasons found were the need for money, disinterest in classes, family issues, poor grades, lack of support, pregnancy, and so forth. The study analyzed differences across various groups (e.g., gender, ethnicity, age, and social class) in relation to dropping out, returning to school after dropping out, highest level of schooling achieved, and regretting dropping out. The study results demonstrated numerous connections between a number of key variables (e.g., social class and its association to dropping out), gender (e.g., women were more likely to regret dropping out and were more likely to return to school), and disinterest in classes (e.g., poor grades, absenteeism, suspensions, etc.). It was also found that most of the respondents dropped out of school for more than one reason and that the highest percentage of students dropped out at the community college level. The study brings forth additional data that can help educators and school administrators to better understand this larger cultural problem and what can potentially be done to help reduce these overall dropout rates that are currently afflicting the nation.

Objective: To understand the effect of stress management interventions on improving stress response and job satisfaction among auto company employees. Method: A total of 320 employees in three Chinese auto companies were selected in August 2017 by stratified random sampling method to detect the stress response and job satisfaction. According to the score of job satisfaction, we got the low job satisfaction group (experimental group, n=86) and high job satisfaction group (control group, n=86). The two groups accepted a twelve months stress management intervention and then the stress response and job satisfaction scores were measured in August 2018 to learn the intervention effect. Results: The stress response score had a significant correlation with the job satisfaction score (r=0.219, P

The association of depression and organic diseases is frequently described. Several authors have been interested in analyzing the links between the two entities. Depression is considered the dominant mode of reaction to somatic disorders. It is all the more frequent and marked that the disorder is life-threatening, painful, disabling. In this work, we report a reaction depression occurring in a patient with a sacro-coccygeal chordoma which is a relatively rare malignancy, with a reserved prognosis, revealed by common radiculalgia of appearance. This one required a care in Psychiatry parallel to the surgery. We emphasize the interest and the need for a multidisciplinary management framework.

Medical ethics is a system of moral principles that applies values to the practice of clinical medicine and to scientific research. They are based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the event that they are in conflict or are confused. The values include: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, veracity, dignity. The code of ethics is based on the understanding of the goals of medicine dating back to the 5th century B.C. and Hippocrates. By 1847, the code of ethics was based greatly on Thomas Percival’s work. He was an English physician-philosopher and wrote a code of medical ethics for hospitals in 1803. Hippocrates is important in the discussion of the meaning of meaning and the meaning of medical ethics, because he provided the drive to make the public understand that medicine was based on science and not on magical or religious activities that were used so often. Even so, those writings were put away and were not rediscovered until the Renaissance period in the early 16th century. It was John Gregory, an 18th century physician and moralist, in Edinburgh who published his lectures in which he redefined medical humanism in the context of the Scottish Enlightenment of philosophers, such as David Hume. These writings opposed the work of Thomas Hobbes who’s ‘Leviathan’ is considered by many as significant as the political writings of Plato, Aristotle, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, and Rawls. Gregory, like Hippocrates, wanted to set medicine apart and argued that medicine incorporated the ideal that physicians were empathetic and their practice was based on medical science. The medical code of ethics is a living document, which means that it grows and evolves as new information is gained. The first edition came about in 1847. It did not change very much until 1903 when the language…