Pharmaceutical Research and Reviews

In India more than 62 million diabetic individuals currently diagnosed with the disease. The prevalence of diabetes is more in India and is increasing rapidly. Herbal formulations are preferred due to lesser side effects and low cost. A list of medicinal plants with proven antidiabetic and related beneficial effects of herbal drug used in treatment of diabetes is compiled.

More than 70% of our planet’s surface is covered with sea/salty water. Even the world’s oldest, most revered and holiest texts, the Vedas, term the Ocean as ‘Ratnakar’, or the bestower of immense riches. From pre-historic times the ocean/marine world has been a source of inspiration, awe & adventure for Mankind. Contemporary science discovered potent bioactive, chemical compounds from marine organisms not before 1950s, for the first time. At present, several potent cytotoxic and anticancer drug leads, from secondary metabolites biosynthesized in Marine invertebrates, have been identified, characterised and some of them have even been synthesized. In order to tackle the problem of supply, even artificial culture of Marine organisms has been successfully attempted. Some of such vital aspects are discussed here.

Alkaloids are a chemically heterogenous group of natural substances and comprises more than 6000 basic nitrogen containing organic compounds which occur in about 15 percent of all vascular terrestrial plants and in more than 150 different plants families. The alkaloids exhibit diversity of structures and also show an extraordinary spectrum of pharmacological activities. Because of these characters, they are important for chemical, physiological, taxonomic and biogenetic studies.

Consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes, sauces, salads and drinks, tomato is the edible, often red berry type fruit of the nightshade solanum lycopersicum commonly known as tomato plant. Extreme health disorders suffered as a result of insufficient vitamins, unbalanced diets and malnutrition have severe or may lead to severe health consequences or diseases in humans. Planning/attempts to resolve such health inbalances as bleeding from the gums, joint pains, low concentration of ascorbate in plasma, blood, or leukocytes, which is commonly attributed to scurvy, all rely on the knowledge of the concentration of vitamins in the diets of the patient. One cannot tell to what extent a feed is both nutritious and medicinal if some analysis are not carried out on the feed. This is why the assessment of vitamin C, phytochemical and proximate evaluations of commercial fruits, using tomato is necessary, so as to know their vitamin C percentages, which medicinal properties they possess and qualitatively, the different macro nutrients they contain. In the view of the problem above, the aim of this paper was to assess the concentration of ascorbic acid, medicinal and macronutrients in commercial fruit – tomato, carrying out significant calculations tilted toward achieving the right proportions of significant nutrient constituents in the samples of tomato.

Ratio derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Clonazepam and Paroxetine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form. In this method, the overlapping spectra of Clonazepam and Paroxetine hydrochloride were well resolved by making use of the first-derivative of the ratios of their direct absorption spectra. The derivative ratio absorbance of Clonazepam and Paroxetine hydrochloride were measured at 312.28 nm and 304.88 nm, respectively for their quantification. Clonazepam and Paroxetine hydrochloride were determined in the concentration range of 5-30 µg/ml and 10-60 µg/ml respectively. The linear regression analysis for the calibration plots produced r2= 0.9956 and r2= 0.9994 for Clonazepam and Paroxetine hydrochloride respectively. The precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the method were validated according to the ICH guidelines. The results indicate that the method is suitable for the routine quality control testing of marketed tablet formulations.

The aim of present work was to develop and validate a simple, fast and reliable isocratic HPLC method for determination of raloxifene hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic Separation was achieved by using Agilent technologies model G4288A. Gradient HPLC-1120 , Compact low pressure binary Gradient Pump Consisting Of vacuum in built degasser unit non-PDA UV-vis detector equipped with a manual injection system with 50 uL loop and the eluted analytes for drug was traced by UV detection at 287nm. The method was found to be linear over a wide concentration range (0.1-20 µg/mL) with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9995. The LOD and LOQ were 21 and 63 ng/mL for RLX. These results indicate that method is sensitive enough for therapeutic assay. The % RSD values for three selected concentrations were found to be 0.14, 0.51 and 0.75% revealed the high system accuracy. The relative standard deviations (RSD) obtained at three concentrations (n = 6) in the range of 8-10 µg/mL was 0.016-0.018 % for the intraday assay and 0.016-0.024% for interday assay revealed good precision. The specificity was demonstrated that drugs were free of interference from potential impurities. % RSD, theoretical plates and Rmin were not significantly affected when the experimental parameters (such as flow rate, gradient program) were altered and thus concluded that the method was robust.

Gout also called as hyper uricemia. Gout is characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness and tenderness in joints, often the joint at the base of big toe. Gout is a condition that develops when Uric acid is not properly excreted from the blood through urine .Excess uric acid builds up in the body and when not removed by the kidneys, it deposits in the form of crystals in the joints, primarily in hands and feet and especially in the joint of big toe. The risk of developing gout increases as the Serum uric acid level rises [>7 mg/dl]. In our focus medicinal plants used to treat the gout for the reason in the allopathic system of medicine is not cure the disease of gout, its only controlled. So few medicinal plants we reviewed this paper.

Two simple and rapid methods were developed for the determination of methimazole in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum by square wave and differential pulse voltammetry. The anodic peak at +0.60 V obtained in a buffer on glassy carbon electrode was used for analysis. The peak current and peak potential depend on pH, scan rate and initial potential. Decrease of the anodic peak with increasing pH, as well as deviations from linear plots of ip = f(C) and ip = f(C) and ip = kv1/2 indicate that this peak at higher concentrations is affected by adsorption-desorption phenomena. The linearity was established over the concentration range of 10-80 ug/mL for both methods in supporting electrolyte and human serum. The repeatability and reproducibility of the methods for all media (such as supporting electrolyte and serum samples) were determined. Precision and accuracy were also checked in all media. Developed methods in this study can be applied to Thyromazol tablet. Also, the proposed techniques were successfully applied to spiked human serum samples. No electroactive interferences from the endogenous substances were found in the serum samples.

Dengue is an infectious diseases, it is caused by virus. It is transmitted by a mosquito of Aedes aegypti. Dengue produced in our body high fever, headache, joint pain and skin rashes. Allopathic system of medicine is not having the potential remedy for dengue fever. In ayurvedic system only cure the dengue fever, for example of papaya leaves, fenugreek, kiwi and wheatgrass etc., Without unwanted effect dengue is cure by this herbs.

In this study, simple, fast and reliable cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods were developed and validated for determination of pantoprazole in pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed methods were based on electrochemical oxidation of pantoprazole at platinum electrode in acetonitrile solution containing 0.1 M LiCIO4. The well-defined oxidation peak was observed at 1.17 V. The calibration curves were linear for pantoprazole at the concentration range of 5-50 µg/mL for LSV, SWV and DPV methods, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision values for pantoprazole were less than 4.78, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 2.00%. The mean recovery of pantoprazole was 99.9% for pharmaceutical preparations. No interference was found from three tablet excipients at the selected assay conditions. Developed methods in this study are accurate, precise and can be easily applied to Protonex, Pandev and Panref tablets as pharmaceutical preparation.