Recent Articles

A 40-year-old male presented to the emergency department with the complaint of a sudden, painful left eye and swelling after episodes of sneezing. A day earlier, he had sustained a blunt trauma to the left orbit as the result of a fall from motorcycle. The initial examination showed subcutaneous and subconjunctival emphysema. Visual acuity in the left eye was 20/40 (0.50), the pupils were reactive with no relative afferent pupillary defect, and there were limitations in levoduction, dextroduction, infraduction and supraduction. A slit-lamp examination revealed normal anterior and posterior segments with an intraocular pressure of 24mmHg. An orbital computed tomography scan showed orbital, subconjunctival, and subcutaneous emphysema associated with a small fracture of medial wall of the left eye. Following conservative management with broad-spectrum oral antibiotics, a topical antiglaucoma drug, low dose systemic steroid drug, and lubricating eye drops, the patient improved dramatically within one week.

This study examines the efficacy of the flipped learning model within a secondary English classroom at a large, urban high school in the Southeastern United States. To understand the effectiveness of the flipped learning model, the primary author conducted an action research study designed to answer the following research question: will students see more growth than their peers in reading comprehension because of the flipped learning model? Over the course of a month-long instructional unit, students in two eleventh grade English classes encountered instruction via the flipped learning model or from a more traditional approach before being tested on their reading comprehension. Those students taking part in flipped learning scored higher than their peers who received instruction from a more traditional approach. Although modest, these findings suggest that the flipped learning model is effective at promoting reading comprehension.

Everyday life of individuals can be significantly influenced by positive and negative changes in oral health status, by symptoms and severity of oral disorders and diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaims a necessity to measure health and the effects of health care not only on the basis of changes in the frequency and severity of diseases but also by estimation of patients’ well-being assessed with the improvement in their quality of life. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of primary root canal treatment on the perceived quality of life amongst patients treated by providers with different qualification and experience. Two hundred systemically healthy, mentally fit and legally capable of signing an informed consent patients needing an endodontic care were randomly selected and participated voluntarily in the study conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria. The treatment was provided by fourth-year and fifth-year students in the course of their clinical exercises and by five endodontic specialists. The study instrument was the modified Oral Health Impact Profile comprising 17 items which was filled in anonymously by all participants. The interview was carried out before the root canal treatment and two weeks after it was completed by one and the same examiner. The impact of endodontic disease and its treatment was recognized by seven conceptual dimensions: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap. The responses of the OHIP items were made on a five-point scale ranging from 0 = never, 1 = hardly ever, 2 = occasionally, 3 = fairly often to 4 = very often. The analyses of the results revealed that patients perceived their quality of life impaired because of the irreversible inflammation of the dental pulp. The negative impact of…

Multidrug-Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to two first-line drugs; both isoniazid and rifampicin. Globally in 2015, there were an estimated 480, 000 new cases of multidrug-resistant TB. According to the anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey conducted nationwide in Ethiopia in 2012 among 804 newly diagnosed TB cases 1.6 % were found to be infected with MDR-TB. The continuous challenge in the occurrence and management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in the country in general and Nekemte Referral hospital in particular prompted this study which seeks-to investigate the risk factors for MDR-TB.Unmatched case control study design was conducted to identify the risk factors for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients of Nekemte Referral Hospital. All MDR-TB (21 cases) and Non-MDR-TB (44 controls) patients’ registered from September 2016to August 2017 in this Hospital were included in the study. Face-to-face interview and Patient medical records review were used to collect the data. In bivariate analysis; variables which had P-value

Preparing synbiotic fermented camel milk like- yogurt products (SFCMPs) fortified with different cereals was the main target of this study. Cereals used were hulless barley, oat, triticale and durum wheat in flour form. Honey is used as natural prebiotic. Yogurt starter (containing Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Str. thermophilus) culture and AB-sweet (containing Lb. acidophilus & bifidobacteria) as probiotic starter culture were used to prepare different camel milk like- yogurt products. The physicochemical, textural, microbiological and sensory properties of SFCMPs were examined during storage period at 6±1°C for 9 days. The nutritional and daily values of the fresh prepared SFCMPs were also calculated. All treatments were significantly differed (p ≤ 0.05) in their properties; depending on the type of cereal’s, starter culture and storage period. The SFCMPs containing triticale and durum wheat flour showed higher moisture, fat and total protein percent and whey separation values than that of oat and hulless barely. Meanwhile, the highest values of crude fiber, ash, acetaldehyde & diacetyle, and dynamic viscosity values as well as bacterial counts were noticed in SFCMPs containing oats and barley. Lower amounts of acetaldehyde & diacetyle, dynamic viscosity and pH values with higher whey separation showed with yoghurt starter treatments than that of probiotic starter. The viable cell counts in all SFCMPs were maintained at an acceptable level (>106CFU/ml) to be considered as functional foods until the end of storage period. The Textural characteristics as hardness and gumminess were negatively correlated to cohesiveness and springiness in all SFCMPs throughout the storage period. The SFCMPs made with oat displayed the highest organoleptic scores throughout the storage period particularly when fermented with AB-sweet starter culture. Therefore, SFCMPs can be recommended as new nutritional and functional products from camels’ milk with good organoleptic properties.

This paper explores the impact effects of different knowledge capital investment on the industrial enterprises added in China. Using 2007-2016 China’s industrial enterprises panel data of 31 provinces, we analyze the space spilt effect of knowledge capital in different regions and explores the causal relationship between knowledge capital and industrial enterprises added by using the dynamic space Dubin model. The results show that: the knowledge capital investment of industrial enterprises has obvious spatial agglomeration ef-fect, and the agglomeration effect increases gradually with time. The results also show that: the estimated results under three kinds of spatial weight matrices show that the positive spillover effect of knowledge cap-ital on enterprise income is significant.

The development of Successful improved sorghum varieties for the western part of Ethiopia particularly Benishangulgumuz requires the incorporation of farmer’s perceptions and desires into the end product. Failure to do this in the past probably explains the low rates of adoption of improved varieties in Benishangulgumuz national regional state. Therefore, a variety developed through PVS usually meets demand of different stakeholders as a result the lowland sorghum varieties were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in main cropping season during 2018 at Kurmuk district. Participatory rural appraisal tools such as focus group discussions, matrix ranking and individual reviews were used to collect data from farmers from their sorghum selection criteria, preferences and acceptance of the new improved sorghum varieties. Therefore the experiment was initiated with the objective to evaluate and select well adapted and best performing humid lowland sorghum varieties to the targeted location. The result of current study clearly showed a significant difference between the tested varieties from most morphological traits. Biomass, and threshability, of improved varieties were the most important criteria for farmers to choose a new variety. Accordingly, farmers overwhelmingly selected Melkam followed by Assosa-1 sorghum variety. Farmers’ also gave priority for grain yield and earliness of varieties. Generally, early maturing varieties with high yield potential, resistance to foliar and grain diseases, would be welcomed by farmers. However, they had indicated they would not totally reject their local varieties because of social considerations.

Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) is one of the most devastating plant diseases world-wide and is feared globally by farmers and industry. There is little information on the type of fungicide to be sprayed to control late blight for optimum production of the crop in the study area. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at Bore Agricultural Research Center, Southern Ethiopia during the 2015 and 2017 cropping season to evaluate fungicides with the combination of Potato varieties to manage late blight and to assess the cost and benefits of different fungicides on Gudanie and Jalenie potato varieties. The treatments consisted of two (2) Potato varieties Gudanie and Jalenie currently under production but differ in their late blight reaction and three (3) fungicides Ridomil Gold MZ 63.5%WP, Mancozeb 80% WP2 and Matico and one (1) unsprayed treatments were used as experimental materials. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement and replicated three times per treatment. The improved potato varieties called Gudanie and Jalenie were planted as the test crop in a plot size of 3 m * 2.1 m with intra and inter-row spacing of 0.30 and 0.75 m respectively. Data were collected on growth, yield, yield components and disease incidence and severity. The two years combined data analysis results revealed that the interaction effect of fungicides and potato varieties had influenced significantly (P0.05) effect on days to50% emergency and average tuber weight. The two year data analysis the highest (47.34 t ha-1and 46.31 tha-1) marketable tuber yield was obtained from Gudanie variety with Ridomil Gold fungicide spraying at Bore on-station and Ana sora on-farm both locations respectively. The result of 2015 year disease data indicates that maximum (59.52% and 3.67) disease incidence and severity, respectively was…

This paper critically reviewed the status of Participatory or Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) in the case of Ethiopia. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa between 3o and 15o North latitude and 33o and 48o east longitude. The country covers 1.13 million square kilometers, with a wide altitudinal variation ranging from 110 meters below sea level (b.s.l.) in Kobar Sink (Dallol) to 4,620 meters above sea level (a.s.l.) at Ras Dashen (Ras Dejen). The Great African Rift Valley runs diagonally across the country from northeast to southwest separating the western and southeastern highlands. This physiographic feature enabled the ecosystems to host a great diversity of flora and fauna resources. The flora of Ethiopia is estimated to comprise about 6,500-7,000 plant species; 12 per cent of these plant species considered as endemic. Forests provide numerous ecosystem services, products for human consumption, and habitat for countless species. Unfortunately, deforestation has occurred at alarming scales and its effects have threatened environmental and livelihood sustainability. In Ethiopia, for the most part, forests have been managed under the support of national agencies, often with the exclusion or outright removal of local people. No sustainable forest management program has been put in place due to lack of adequate funding and stable structural set up for the forestry sector. To combat this problem Participatory or Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) is accepted throughout the world and in Ethiopia currently. This is due to the recognition that communities are the direct users of the forests and no one can care adjacent forests without the full involvement of the society. CBFM is one attempt to reverse deforestation, and, by doing so, preserves ecological services and products that provide local communities with ways to secure livelihoods. CBFM has also grown in practice because centralized management of natural resources…

The objective of this paper was to review milk processing techniques and consumption rate in West African Sub-Region. The Nigerian dairy industry represents an important component of the agribusiness sector of the economy with great economic, nutritional, and social benefits. Processing of fresh milk is achieved by local techniques into various traditional milk products. About 47kg of liquid milk per individual is consumed per year in Nigeria compared to an average of 25kg for the sub-Saharan Africa region. Consumers display strong preference for locally produced and processed products such as nono (sour milk), kindirmo (sour yoghurt), maishanu (local butter), cuku (Fulani cheese) and wara (Yoruba cheese). The choice of preference is based on flavour, perceived nutritional value and regional customs and beliefs. Similarly, the local products are believed to be cheaper than their imported counterparts. Sour milk and local butter accounted for over 30% of all dairy products consumption. Urban household consume about 20% more dairy products than rural household. Pastoralists are mostly the producers, but consume less of the products. Modern milk processing techniques and higher consumption rate should be encouraged in West African Sub-Region to ensure improved human and animal productivity in the region.