Recent Articles

Haemonchus contortus is a blood sucking nematode parasite of sheep all over the tropics and subtropics which causes retarded growth, lower productivity and even mortality in young animals. A cross sectional study was conducted from April, 2018 to May, 2018 in sheep slaughtered at Jimma municipal abattoir in Jimma town conducted using purposive. Purposively, sheep were selected during ante-mortem examination and the necessary information was recorded in data collection format. In the present study, a total of 384 sheep (217 males and 167 females) were slaughtered at the Jimma municipal abattoir and inspected for the presence or absence of the parasite. Accordingly, the findings of this study revealed that an overall prevalence of 33.1% was recorded. High prevalence of disease occur in poor body condition score 117/245(47.8) and low prevalence occur in good body condition score 10/139 (7.2%) and there was statistically significant differences (P= 0.000) between body condition scores. Among the male and female slaughtered sheep, 70 (32.3%) and 57 (34.2%) were found to be positive for H. contortus, respectively; and shows no statistical significant difference (P >0.05) between sex. Based on age group, prevalence of haemonchosis was 57 (30.5%) and 70 (35.5 %), in young and adult, respectively. The result from the present study indicated that there was no statistical significance (P > 0.05) among age groups. There is no statistical significance difference (P > 0.05) between urban and rural origin of sheep. In the present study, moderate prevalence of H. contortus was observed in sheep during the study period. Therefore, strategic prevention and control measures should be implemented to decrease the burden of the parasitic infection so as to enhance productivity of sheep in the study area.

The downward slide in Nigeria’s food production has gradually led the country into becoming a food-deficit, food importing Nation because of the discovery of petroleum. Nigeria has degenerated into a significant food importing nation because the government neglected the agricultural sector for petroleum which is seen as a much viable resource income. As a consequence, the country is plunged into food insecurity because of rising prices of imported foods. Presently, Nigeria faces food shortage challenges and hunger. Before we can adequately address the underlying problems plaguing the food security system, we need to address the factors influencing agricultural development and sustainability in the economy with a view to improving on food security. Any policy design to tackle this should include inputs supply channels, technology improvement avenues and, credits and subsidies that are not cumbersome and needed. Until we see food insecurity as a gross abuse of human right, the paradigm shift advocated may never be attained.

Traditionally, the relevance of agriculture in economic development rests on the contributions of the agriculture sector in economic development and, women constitute a large proportion of agricultural labour and participants. The contributions of women to agricultural production and economic development in Nigeria are critically underrepresented in spite of the roles they play in the sector. They compete much more favourably than the men in terms of participation in agricultural activities, contributions to agriculture based economy and food security yet, are relegated in decisions concerning agricultural activities. The sustenance of agriculture and agriculture based economic diversification in Nigeria may not be feasible without an adequate recognition of women’s efforts and, therefore should be given a place of pride in decision-making in agricultural activities. Some gender based constraints have been noted to hinder women’s participation in productive agricultural activities. These gender biases exist due to customs and beliefs that confine women to the background. Gender mainstreaming remains one of the options in diversifying the economy with guaranteed effective women participation. It is suggested that Government policies and programs designed to stimulate agricultural production, should take into account the role of women. A gender dimension may be incorporated into all phases of the policy cycle. This should describe in detail a format of how gender can be mainstreamed in every phase of the policy cycle.

The aim of the article is to analyze briefly a modern phenomenon of the cyber space from the sociological and environmental viewpoints. The cyberspace is a material system constructed by a man. This space is now shaping by the technical means developed by the Fourth scientific and technological revolution (hereafter the STR-4). As a result, we are now living within a complex and inseparable sociobiotecnical reality of a double quality. It’s both environment and a variety of the agents, social, natural and virtual. The carrying structure of the cyberspace is an all-embracing and all-penetrating informational network. Three models of this space are considered: technocratic, socially constructed and alternative ones. The cyberspace is an instrument of capitalist accumulation, a particular branch of it and self-sustained phenomenon of a high complexity. The basic laws of its development are defined both by technological progress and contradictory global-local trends of evolution of a global whole. The cyberspace is a very mobile structure conditioned by the struggle for resources and geopolitical domination of the global stakeholders and therefore this space works as a promoter of global hybrid wars and other state of emergence. The media is a necessary instrument of a power, more influential than any other social institution of modern society. Therefore, it’s an inseparable part of the cyberspace. At the same time this space is shaped by many civil organizations and the individuals. Finally, the cyberspace is Janus like because it is simultaneously absolutely necessary for users and potentially risky for them.

The transcription factor Zic2 is member of Zic family, at early stages it has been involved in several processes during embryonic development and later on in morphogenesis and organogenesis. An important role has been attributed to Zic2 during the development of the neural system. It has been involved in neural tube and neural crest formation. Both process structures will form the central and peripheral neural system. Mutation of Zic2 provokes holoprosencephaly in humans and in mouse also spina bifida. To date, there is not well elaborated the specific mechanisms under which Zic2 affect neural tube formation and the differences may exist between mouse and human phenotype. Almost the same ambiguity is for the specific role of Zic2 during neural crest development. Here is given are resumed latest studies and are given new insight about the role of Zic2 in these two processes and its new target genes.

Objectives: Many factors influence the presence and growth of oral microbial flora, including the use of orthodontic appliances. Although much research has focused on classical oral pathogens, much less information is available to determine the relationship between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum among these patients. The primary objective of this study was to determine the relationship between oral prevalence of Aggregatibacter and Fusobacterium among orthodontic and non-orthodontic patient saliva samples. Experimental Methods: This study was a retrospective study of previously collected saliva samples from orthodontic (n=55) and non-orthodontic (n=55) patients using an approved protocol. DNA was extracted and screened for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Males and females were equally represented, although a majority of patients participating in this study were Hispanics and ethnic minorities. Results: PCR analysis of the DNA revealed that 54.5% of orthodontic samples harbored significant levels of Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans, while 29.1% of non-orthodontic samples harbored significant levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (p=0.0068). In addition, screening for Fusobacterium revealed 38% of orthodontic samples harbored this organism, compared with 33% of non-orthodontic samples (p=0.4599). Screening of these samples using the 16S universal primer revealed AA-positive orthodontic samples had the highest PCR band intensity, with similar band intensity of AA-Negative orthodontic samples AA-positive non-orthodontic samples, AA-negative non-orthodontic samples. While screening for Fusobacterium using the 16S universal primer revealed higher band intensity (microbial burden) among the FN-positive samples among both the orthodontic and non-orthodontic samples. In brief, although microbial burden was lower among the corresponding non-orthodontic samples in general, the FN-positive samples were found to harbor the highest band intensity and microbial burden. Conclusions: This study provides significant data that clearly suggest a correlation between overall microbial oral burden and Aggregatibacter presence in orthodontic patients. Both AA and FN were more prevalent among orthodontic patient samples than non-orthodontic samples, although the…

The present study was carried out to determine various physico-chemical parameters and water quality index of the Patancheru in Medak District of Telangana state to examine the quality of water for public consumption, recreation and other purposes. This study deals with the influence of environmental factors as well as domestic activities in the water quality in the related area.

Free radicals scavenging Activity, total phenolic and flavonoids contents of Twenty two ethanolic extracts, from the botanical families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cupressaceae, Ericaceae and Rhamnaceae, collected from the Laghouat region (Algeria Sahara) were investigated. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts, while the Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content and flavonoids using AlCl3 method . The antioxidant capacity expressed as IC50 values ranged from 20 µg/ml for O. basilicum to 650 ± 8.60 µg/ml for A. iva. The total phenolic content ranged from 2.72 to 87.11 mg/g of dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid concentrations varied from 1.48 to 12.59 mg/g, expressed as rutin equivalents. The results of this study showed that there is no significant correlation between antioxidant activity and phenolic content of the studied plant materials and phenolic content could not be a good indicator of antioxidant capacity.

The purpose of this study was A Mudrâ (Sanskrit: lit. “Seal”) is a symbolic or ritual gesture in Hinduism and Buddhism. While some Mudrâs involve the entire body, most are performed with the hands and fingers. Mudrâ (Sanskrit) is “spiritual gesture” and energetic “seal of authenticity” The different types of Yoga Mudra aid in person achieve better health and mental condition through proper and regular practice.

Hydrogen cyanide is the dominant element in cassava mill effluent with several toxicological implications. Physiochemical analysis was carried out on the soil samples gotten from three different cassava tuber processing mills located at Amaoba, Umuarigha I, and Umuarigha II in Ikwuano Local Government area of Abia state. The parameters investigated were pH, nitrogen, phosphorous, organic carbon, organic matter; others were the sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium contents. All the afore-mentioned parameters were also analyzed for control sample. The result showed that there was an increase in soil pH, nitrogen and magnesium content of the cassava mill soils. The effect on plant growth rate was studied using maize and cowpea as test crops. The number of leaves, stem girth and length was recorded for a period of eight (8) weeks. The result after eight (8) weeks showed that the growth rate of seedlings on the soil of the three different cassava mills was rapid more than that of the control. This research shows that the cyanide content of the cassava mill effluent had a stimulatory effect on the parameters measured and could serve as an efficient source of nutrient to the soil and thus to crops, making it an alternative to mineral fertilisers.