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The study focused on the factors affecting internal auditors ‘performance in public universities in Kenya. It aimed at achieving the objectives: to determine how the working environment, to assess how the challenges to the independence of internal auditors, to assess the impact of the level of technical competency affects the performance of internal auditors in public universities in Kenya. Thus this study evaluates the effect of working environment, establishes the effect of internal auditor’s independence and the effect of internal auditors competence on the performance of internal auditor in public universities in Kenya. Descriptive research design was applied, with a target population of the chief internal auditors from 31 chartered public universities in Kenya which are registered by the Higher Education ministry. A random simple sampling technique was applied o give the sample size of 31. Primary data was used for analysis. The study found out that the internal auditors working environment, internal audit independence and authority, internal auditor’s technical competence impacted on the performance of internal audit function. The study recommended that auditors should consider complying with professional standards as the most important contributor to internal auditing performance. The management in the public universities should keep organizing seminars and workshops where the internal auditors would be trained frequently by experts either internally or externally.

Lymphoma is the general term for cancers that develop in the lymphatic system. Lymphoma originates in developing lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells), which have undergone a malignant change. They multiply without any proper order, forming tumours, which are collections of cancer cells. These tumours cause swelling in the lymph nodes and other parts of the body. Over time, malignant lymphocytes (called lymphoma cells) crowd out normal lymphocytes and eventually the immune system becomes weakened and can no longer function properly. This lymphoma affects the lymph nodes first, and could also affect other lymphoid organs like spleen and bone marrow. The Non-Hodgkins lymphoma can be classified into 2, depending on how fast or slow these tumors grow within the body namely; Aggressive non-hodgkins lymphoma and Indolent non¬ hodgkins lymphoma. Non-hodgkins lymphoma can also be classified based on the type of cells they emanate from namely; B-cells lymphoma and T-cells lymphoma. B-cell lymphoma are lymphomas that arise from developing B-cells, while T-cell lymphoma are lymphomas that arise from T -cells. The causes of non-hodgkins lymphoma includes infection like the Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients from specific geographic regions, exposure to certain chemicals ingredients in herbicides and pesticides such as organochlorine and phenoxy acid can lead to lymphoma and also immunosuppression. The extent to which the lymphoma has spread in body is called the stage of the disease. In stages 1 and 2, lymphoma is limited to one or two areas of the body (early stage). In stages 3 and 4, the disease is more widespread in the body (advanced stage). It’s signs and symptoms includes; enlarged lymph node in the neck, fever, excessive sweating, unexplained fatigue, loss of appetite or weight loss. Non-hodgkins lymphoma are usually diagnosed by examining a lymph node biopsy specimen under a microscope using either core biopsy or surgical…

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at General Hospital in Agba, Ekwulobia, Anambra State. Two hundred pregnant women who consented voluntarily after thorough explanation of the purpose of the study were recruited for this study. The samples were tested for the presence of antibodies using rapid Dia Spot HBsAg rapid test strip developed by Dia Spot Diagnostics, USA and ClinotechHBsAg (Clinotech diagnostics, Richmond, Canada). Analysis of the result showed that 23 (11.5%) of the pregnant women had HBsAg. Statistical analysis, however, showed no significant difference between the prevalence and the age of patients, parity, trimester and type of family. The frequency of HBY carriers did not vary significantly with the Use of condoms and contraceptives. However, there was a significant frequency variation in the distribution of HBsAg between those that have previous history of transfusion, operation, circumcision and those who never had history of operation, transfusion or circumcision Therefore, the need to institute public health measures to reduce disease burden and transmission, including routine screening of all pregnant mothers for HBV infection and early passive-active immunization of babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers are advocated.

Contemporary medicine has had several advances when it comes to treating diseases such as leukemia. One of these innovations was the use of human stem cells, through bone marrow transplantation, because these cells have the capacity to originate new cells when stimulated. Currently, the use of hematopoietic stem cells is performed in the treatment of more than 80 blood diseases and is the most efficient method, of which we have access, in the highlighted scenario. However, there are still several obstacles to the use of bone marrow cells, given the difficulty of compatibility between the donor and the recipient of the transplant. Due to such impediment, it was then observed that umbilical cord and placenta blood have transplantable cells, albeit in limited numbers, but are more likely to be compatible with the patient that will be receiving such cells. The present study aimed to analyze the Brazilian situation regarding the collection, processing, storage and use of this type of blood, as well as to investigate, from public access data about health, the difficulties for its greater use in the treatment of blood diseases.

A new principle of origin and the nature of the action of gravity forces are proposed. Forces of universal attraction have plane-symmetrical directions. On this basis, it becomes possible to reconsider certain regularities in natural science. The new principle of gravitation will allow to explain physical paradoxes, to improve methods of scientific research and some technological processes.

Diclofenac sodium injection is widely used in medicine as antinflamatory and antirheumatic agent with a therapeutic value of 25 mg / ml. However, diclofenac sodium is poorly soluble which forms a problem in its manufacturing as an injection. The available commercial products of diclofenac sodium ampoules have used different types of solubilizing agents as benzyl alcohol which is an irritant in a concentration more than 3% while the other manufacturers used propylene glycol which has toxic impurities. In this present work, Diclofenac Sodium injection is prepared by using Hydroxy Propyl Beta Cyclodextrine ; a natural and safe excipient in formulation of ampoule solution which formed an inclusion complex compounds with Diclofenac Sodium ,render it very soluble and more stable. The finished product of ampoules were subjected to the stability study by storing the samples at 40°C and 75% RH for six months and the physico-chemical properties of the samples were tested at different periods. The results showed no change in appearance of the ampoules solution along the study time .In addition a reversed –phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed and applied in studying the behavior of diclofenac Sodium in solution and its resistance to the high temperature challenger. The developed HPLC method was proved to be accurate and able to detect the degradation products of Diclofenac Sodium in solution.

Practicum is a tool for teacher’s prospective teacher’s development and it is 15 credit hours course in B.Ed (Hons) program. Numerous studied consider practicum as backbone for effective teacher’s development. The study was designed to explore issues and challenges of student’s assessment in practicum course of B.Ed (Hons).Objectives of study were to explore issues and challenges of student’s assessment in practicum course. Secondly developed applicable mechanism of assessment for practicum course and This study contributed valuable information regarding the implementation of practicum program with assessable assessment criteria. Qualitative method was employed, because it will give more comprehensive result for study. It helped researcher to analyzed problem in multiple ays. qualitative data collected through interview and focus group discussion. Qualitative data coded, categories and finally analyze. The following finding were concluded Lessoning planning and role of supervisor were found strong and effective areas of practicum. Students were using different teaching methods successfully. The university has no lab schools for practicum. Schools were found to be less cooperative. No significant difference was found in the effectiveness level of practicum in different schools.

The purpose of this study was to examine parenting style, prosocial behavior and students school performance in junior school. In addition, this study attempted to examine the level of parenting styles in their children school performance. Two ten hundred adolescents (Mean age = 14.9 years) measured their own prosocial behaviors, their perceptions of parenting styles of their parents and collected their academic scores from the record office of the schools. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Quantitative analyses (both descriptive and inferential statistics) were used to analyze the obtained data. The data collected were analyzed employing different statistical techniques like correlation, multiple regression, and path analysis. Analysis of the data revealed that parenting styles do have significantly higher involvement in their children’s school performance. Parenting styles have an effect on prosocial behavior of adolescents. Path analysis of the data showed that prosocial behavior has statistically significant contribution to the students school performance. Prosocial behavior also has mediate effect between parenting styles and school performance. The current study has significant implications for parents, schools, government and non government sectors and practitioners who are concerned about promoting adolescents’ positive behaviors and performance and discouraging negative behaviors.

This study investigated the capacity building needs of education lecturers in ICTs in universities in Nigeria. Three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, which adopted the descriptive survey design. A sample size of 320 education lecturers was drawn from four universities using stratified random sampling technique, representing 56% of the population. Questionnaire titled “HCBNELICTQ” was validated and the reliability established at 0.92. In analyzing the data, mean scores and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while z-test was used in testing the hypotheses. The findings revealed among others that, the capacity building needs of education lecturers on ICT for instructional delivery in universities include: knowledge of operating the ICT devices, good knowledge of handling the devices in teaching, clear skills of manipulating the devices for research and developments, using the devices to store and present academic data, and regular involvement of staff in knowledge updates through appropriate use of new technological devices. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers recommended that education lecturers should cultivate the right attitude to work for effective instructional task performance by maintaining the clarity of job responsibilities in the university system.

The sprouting character of Nigerian politics from the last quarter of the colonial period to the present is reflected in the changing character of her party politics. Thus, from the ratification of regionalism by Author Richards in 1946 through the short period during the First Republic lasted, two foremost factors shaped the character of intra-party relations/politics: ethno-religious and, to a lesser extent, some feigning of ideological commitment. One of the main features of a political party is its ability not only to contest and win elections, but also to conduct internal elections among its various contestants with the aim of selecting the most suitable candidate that will serve the interest of the party. However, several issues have risen as a result of primary elections among the political parties in Nigeria which has not only affected the political party itself, but as well ruin the smooth running of democracy in the country. This paper historically assesses intra-party primaries in Nigeria’s Democratic process. It questioned the nexus between democracy, party primaries, intra-party conflict and law based union in Nigeria. This paper made use of both primary and secondary data.