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American Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

American Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, Recent Articles

HIGH PREVALENCE OF DRUG RESISTANT NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE IN MALES WITH URETHRAL DISCHARGE AT THE STD CLINIC MULAGO HOSPITAL UGANDA

Research Article of American Journal of Microbiology and Immunology HIGH PREVALENCE OF DRUG RESISTANT NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE IN MALES WITH URETHRAL DISCHARGE AT THE STD CLINIC MULAGO HOSPITAL UGANDA George Ndawula1*, Henry Kajumbula1, Fred Nsubuga3, Edgar Kigozi1, Freddie Bwanga1,2 1Department of Medical Microbiology Makerere University College of Health Sciences, 2MBN  Clinical Laboratories, 3Ministry of Health. Among the treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Neisseria gonorrhoeae is considered to be most important because of its ever evolving antibiotic resistance. Currently third generation cephalosporins are recommended as first-line drugs in many countries. Unfortunately, resistance to these cephalosporins (cefixime and ceftriaxone) has been reported elsewhere. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoea in adult males presenting to Mulago hospital with urethral discharge and to determine the level of resistance of Neisseria gonorrhea to the commonly available antimicrobial agents at the clinic focusing on extended-spectrum cephalosporins.  In a cross sectional study, we enrolled 112 adult males aged 18-65 yrs with urethral discharge at the STD clinic Mulago Hospital. Prevalence of gonorrhoea was determined based on Gram staining and/or N. gonorrhea isolation at culture. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and with the Nitrocefin tests for β-lactamase production.  Among 112 adult male patients aged 18-65 years with urethral discharge,the prevalence of  N. gonorrhea was  at 81.3%. Resistance to drugs was identified at the following rates: tetracycline 100%, ciprofloxacin 94.8%, cotrimoxazole 91.4%, penicillin 82.8%, cefixime 20.7%, ceftriaxone 5.2%, spectinomycin 1.7%, and azithromycin 0%. According to this study drug resistance to commonly available antimicrobials for N. gonorrhea is very high among isolates from patients attending the STI clinic, Mulago Hospital Kampala, Uganda. Ceftriaxone, spectinomycin and azithromycin appeared to be the most useful drugs in the treatment of N. gonorrhea infection at the clinic. This work was completed in ...
American Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, Recent Articles

PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATIONS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG STUDENTS OF TRADITIONAL SCHOOLS, EAST NILE LOCALITY, KHARTOUM, SUDAN

Research Article of American Journal of Microbiology and Immunology PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATIONS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG STUDENTS OF TRADITIONAL SCHOOLS, EAST NILE LOCALITY, KHARTOUM, SUDAN Amin A. Mohamed Musa1, Sondos A. Abd Alrahem2, Shymaa A. Saeed2, Altayeb Abdulmonem4 , Khalid A. Mohamed 3, Mamoun M A Homeida 1 1Paediatrics, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Sudan; 2 Medical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Sudan; 3 Sidra Medicine and Weil Cornel Medicine QA; 4Department of Surgery, Ibn Sina Hospital Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health problem causing considerable morbidity and mortality from both acute infection and chronic sequels including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and the associated factors among children and adolescent in the traditional schools, East Nile locality. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional school-based study. Sero-prevalence survey was conducted among school children and adolescent aged 2–19 years. Total sample of 880 students were tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum using immune-chromatographic assay. Data were analyzed using IBM statistical package for social sciences version 20 with statistical significance of (p<0.05). Results: A total of 4.2% tested positive for HBsAg, (3.2%) among children and (4.3%) among adolescent, this is lower than the reported prevalence in the country. There was no significant association between the pre-determined risk factors and hepatitis B virus infection in the study group. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV infections in this study was lower than the overall prevalence in Sudan. Further studies are needed to evaluate the risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among children and adolescents in Sudan. Hepatitis B virus vaccine should be implemented in the vaccination program for children, in addition to awareness campaigns about the ...
American Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, Recent Articles

IMPACTS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ON THE GRAVITY OF COVID-19 IN INDIVIDUALS CO-INFECTED WITH THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

Research Article of American Journal of Microbiology and Immunology IMPACTS OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ON THE GRAVITY OF COVID-19 IN INDIVIDUALS CO-INFECTED WITH THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) Isla Naraelly Gonçalves de Moura Rosendo1*, José Luiz de Campos Ribeiro Júnior1, Myllena Carolina Sales da Silva1, Nayhara Rayanna Gomes da Silva1, Thais Monteiro de Lucena1, Aracele Tenório de Almeida e Cavalcanti2. 1Student in Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), 2Professor in UFPE. Objective: To identify the levels of severity of COVID-19 in individuals co-infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Methods: Expanded summary of the literature review type. The searches were carried out in the main databases of the BVS and CAPES. The above authors declare that they do not have conflict of interest in this study. Results: Most individuals were being treated with antiretrovirals (83-100%) and, therefore, most had a TCD4 lymphocyte count above 200 cells/µL and a viral load ranging between 67-100%. Comorbidities ranged from 33-70% and deaths from 0-14%. The severity picture was mostly mild, at a minimum proportion of 63%, not significantly differing from the population with COVID-19 in general, which on average remains in a mild symptomatic picture, around 80%. Therefore, the percentage of deaths and more severe levels of the disease were lower than expected due to the immune deficiency of HIV positive people. Conclusion: It is rash to make generalizations about the topic or to safely close the hypothesis that the immunosuppression of individuals with HIV, co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 has an increased risk to acquire the most severe form of COVID-19. This is because the studies found in the literature did not have a sample of participants significant enough. Keywords: Coronavirus infections. Coinfection. HIV. Immunosuppression ...
American Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, Recent Articles

PARKINSONIA ACULEATA AS A POTENTIAL PHYTOTHERAPIC FACTOR IN THE INFLAMMATORY AND DYSLIPIDEMIC CONTROL OF WISTAR RATS

Research Article of American Journal of Microbiology and Immunology PARKINSONIA ACULEATA AS A POTENTIAL PHYTOTHERAPIC FACTOR IN THE INFLAMMATORY AND DYSLIPIDEMIC CONTROL OF WISTAR RATS Vitória Felício Souto¹*, Priscila A Alves Silva², Eryvelton de Souza Franco³, Elizabeth do Nascimento4, Maria Bernadete de Souza Maia5. Departamento de Nutrição – UFPE/CCS/Recife¹,4; Prefeitura Municipal de Natal - Vigilância Sanitária/Núcleo de Serviços em Saúde - Secretaria Municipal de Saúde²; Centro Universitário Brasileiro - UNIBRA³; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - UFPE/CCS/Recife5. Objective: The study evaluated the hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. Aculeata (HEPa/EtOAC) in Wistar rats fed with Westernized diet. Methods: The experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee (Federal University of Pernambuco-23076.027165 / 2010-21). The hydroalcoholic extract (HEPa/EtOAc) was obtained from the aerial parts of P. Aculeata and portioned by acetate/ethanol in different concentrations. 36 male Wistar rats were initially divided into two groups: Control (C, n = 6), fed a commercial diet (26g / 100g of protein; 63g / 100g of carbohydrates; 11g / 100g of lipids) and Westernized (W; n = 30) - fed an experimental diet (15g / 100g of protein; 51g / 100g of carbohydrates; 34 g/100g of lipids) receving water ad libitum. After 4 months of diet, W group was arbitrarily redistributed into six subgroups according to water supplementation, or different extracts concentrations: (n = 6 animals/group): W- distilled water (1mL/kg; po); WG - genfibrozil (140 mg/kg; p.o.); W35- 35 mg/kg;  W70 - 70 mg /kg; p.o. and W140- 140 mg/kg; p.o for 30 days. The lipid profile and pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed. Results: The westernized diet caused dyslipidemia and the treatment with HEPa-EtOAc (140mg / kg), promoted a significant reduction in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in total cholesterol, in the LDLc and serum triglycerides. Conclusion: The reduction of dyslipidemia and pro-inflammatory cytokines ...

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American Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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