Phytochemicals extracted from Cola nitida leaf possess antimalarial effects and improve derangements in haematological indices of Plasmodium berghei- infected mice.
Classical antimalarial drugs such as quinine and artemisinin are both plant derived suggesting that plants are a promising source of bioactive components that can help in combating the scourge of malaria. Cola nitida leaf has been reported to possess antimalarial activity and also contain pharmacologically active phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolics. The effects of these phytochemicals in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei was evaluated in this study. For each phytochemical, 7 groups (A-G) of eight mice each were used. Groups A and B served as normal and infected controls respectively. Group C was treated with 20 mg/Kg body weight of chloroquine and served as the treated control. Groups D, E and F were administered 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight of the different phytochemicals while group F was treated with 50 mg/Kg body weight of the phytochemicals only without parasite inoculation thus serving as extract control. Treatment commenced 72 hrs after inoculation and was done once orally for four consecutive days after which parasitaemia was evaluated. All the phytochemicals were found to exhibit antimalarial activity in a dose dependent manner. The mean survival time of all the experimental groups were also prolonged in a dose dependent manner compared to that of untreated control. Similarly, all the phytochemicals improved the altered haematological indices towards normal. These phytochemicals of Cola nitida exhibited significant antimalarial activities and thus can be further studied in the search for novel antimalarial drugs.
Atypical Presentation of Renal Cell Carcinoma in a 47-year Old Hypertensive Female Patient – Case Report
Characterized by a wide range of nonspecific symptoms, renal cell carcinoma tends to be found only at advanced stages or when kidney failure occurs. In this case report we describe the incidental finding of a 6 cm renal cell carcinoma in a 47-years old hypertensive female patient with peculiar symptomatology. Contrast-enhanced-US showed supplementary intratumoral necrotic areas rising the suspicion of renal carcinoma, which was confirmed by CT and histology. Incidental detection rate of renal masses has increased, ultrasound, and especially contrast-enhanced-US having an important role in its diagnosis.
ANCIENT INDIAN METHODS FOR STRESS RELAXATION
In this review article the author argues that complete presentation of various Ancient Indian methods can reduce the stress and related mental and physical illnesses like Stress anxiety, depression etc.. Life is neither Possible to overcome safely. These methods are increasing in Physical and mental health and reducing stress is an important stimulus of human growth and creativity as well an inevitable part of life.
Environmental Pollution- An Introduction
Pollution is defined as introduction of harmful components into the environment and those harmful components are called pollutants. They can be natural, for example, volcanic ash, decomposition of organisms etc. or can also be created by human activity, such as dumping of waste, effluent produced by factories or emissions generated from factories, vehicles etc. They can damage the quality of air, water, and land.Many things that are useful to people produce pollution like burning coal to production of electricity pollutes the air. Industries and homes generate garbage and sewage that can pollute the land and water. Pesticides—chemical poisons used to kill weeds and insects—seep into waterways and harm wildlife.Reducing pollution requires environmental, political, and economic leadership. Developed nations must work to reduce and recycle their materials, while developing nations must work to strengthen their economies without destroying the environment. Developed and developing countries must work together toward the common goal of protecting the environment for future use. An effort has been made by the authors of the present paper to briefly highlight environmental pollution and its emergence.
Nasal Assessment among Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
The cleft lip nasal deformity has been well described in respect to the facial aesthetics and plays an important role in social interactions. Rhinoplasty for patients with CLP is of immense challenge for the basic fact of the complexity in pathology, and also variation of growth potential of individual. The surgical correction for treatment of variation in nose morphology in patients with CLP is Rhinoplasty, which becomes a challenging task, keeping in mind the difficulty in evaluating the outcome. Many methods are available in the literature for nasal assessment evaluation in patients with CLP. However due to the pros and cons of different methods, aesthetic evaluation of the nose among these patients remain problematical. The purpose of this literature review was to overview the different nasal assessment methods in patients with CLP so as to analyse and identify the most objective method for such evaluation in order plan the treatment and to compare the aesthetic results.
Dementia syndromes and health psychology
The aging process is considered a worldwide phenomenon, and it is observed that the population has aged, where there is an inversion in the age pyramid resulting from the increase in life expectancy. This phenomenon has been investigated by several national and international studies. As results, there are some justifications that are being cited. Among these, are the presence of some demographic factors such as a reduction in fertilit, fecundity and mortality rate over the years, in addition, we highlight the technological advances in health and improvement in the quality of life of individuals1,2. Consequently, with the presence of these influencing factors, some studies highlight an epidemiological transition, where infectious diseases are being replaced by chronic-degenerative, as the main cause of morbidity and mortality, giving emphasis on dementia syndromes . In addition of aging, are expected physical, psychological and social changes that lead to changes in the life of each elderly. At this stage of life, in addition to chronic conditions, the decline in cognitive functions, such as changes in memory, speed of reasoning, and attention seem to take on a broader dimension. Thus, with the decline of these and other functions, several difficulties can be observed in the execution of activities of daily living of the elderly, implying difficulties in their “coming and going”, that is, in their autonomy and self-care.
Visceral Angioedema caused by Angiotensin Receptor Blocker
In literature we see clear evidence of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEI’s) causing visceral angioedema, but further evidence is required to establish the causality for Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB’s). With the widespread usage of these anti-hypertensives and the potential serious adverse effect in the form of angioedema; clinicians should consider medication induced as part of their differentials.
Carcass Quality, Nutrient Retention And Caeca Microbial Population Of Broiler Chicks Administered Rolfe (Daniellia Oliveri) Leaf Extract As An Antibiotic Alternative
The study was designed to evaluate the carcass quality, nutrient retention and caeca microbial population of broiler chicks administered Daniellia oliveri leaf extract (DOE) as an antibiotic alternative. A total of 250 – one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to five treatments in a completely randomized design and each treatment group was further sub-divided into five replicates containing ten (10) birds each. Treatment 1 (Control) was given 1.20 g/ liter of Neomycin in water, while treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 were given DOE at 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml and 40 ml/liter of water respectively. Clean feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the experiment which lasted for 56 days. Data collected were used to determine the carcass quality, nutrient retention and caeca microbial population. Highest dressing percentage was recorded for birds in T5 (70.0%) followed by T4 (69.08 %), T3 (67.18 %), T2 (67.44 %) and T1 (65.0 %) respectively (P
DETERMINATION OF PROPOSED MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMIT OF DELTAMETHRIN IN BLACK PEPPER (PIPER NIGRUM L.)
Residue trials of deltamethrin in black pepper (Piper nigrum) were conducted to estimate the maximum residue limit (MRL). Five residue trials were conducted at three commercial growers’ plots in Johor, Perak and Sarawak (Malaysia). The study plots contained 120 mature pepper vines which were selected and treated with deltamethrin using the manufacturer’s recommended rate (0.01 kg a.i./ha). The insecticide was applied with a motorized sprayer on monthly intervals. Green pepper berries samples (500g) were randomly collected from the plots at 1, 3, 5 and/or 7 days after the last spray. Analytical procedure of deltamethrin extraction was validated prior to actual analysis. Satisfactory recoveries ranging from 86.2% to 110.2% were obtained for the fortified pepper berries samples. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for deltamethrin were 0.521 μg kg−1 and 1.63 μg kg−1, respectively. Results showed that deltamethrin residues were at the low level with the residue value ranging between
Intrinsic factors affecting incidence of urolithiasis in diabetic patients –A preliminary case-control study
There has been a steep rise in incidence of urolithiasis in recent years. Recent studies have revealed an increased prevalence of urolithiasis in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The role of various intrinsic factors of diabetic patients such as Body Mass Index (BMI), level of glycemic control, baseline kidney function and mode of treatment of DM which can influence incidence of urolithiasis still remains uninvestigated. This case control study was taken up to evaluate these intrinsic factors affecting the incidence of urolithiasis in patients with DM. The case group included diabetic patients with urolithiasis and the control group included age matched diabetic patients without urolithiasis. We concluded that Higher BMI and higher serum creatinine level in diabetic patients were associated with increased incidence of urolithiasis whereas other intrinsic factors such as age, sex, duration of DM and the level of glycemic control did not have any influence on it.
